Category Eastern Europe

The Assault on Kherson – part 2 of the First Phase of the War discussion

This is the second in a series of extended posts examining the First Phase of this war. The first post is here: The Assault on Kiev – part 1 of the discussion on the First Phase of the War | Mystics & Statistics (dupuyinstitute.org)

The Fight over Kherson: The other dramatic and threatening advance early in the war was out of Crimea and onto Kherson. The advance, depending on how it developed could have threatened to cut off the entire eastern Ukraine from western Ukraine and could have threatened Odessa. It appears to have also been under-resourced.

The Russian forces advance rapidly out of Crimea and took Kherson by the evening of the first day of the war, 24 February. They secured the Antonovskii bridge and raised their flag in Kherson. This size of this force was probably not much, maybe a single BTG (Battalion Tactical Group) or much less thrown out without much support.

It was rolled back the next morning by the Ukrainian forces in the area and they recaptured the bridge. Later that day, the Russians reseized the bridge, but come the next day, Ukraine still held the city.

Operations against Kherson now dragged out, with them not taking Kherson until 2 March, some six days after they first took it. Almost certainly they had moved up additional forces in the interim to deal with Ukrainian defenders, who may not have been properly reinforced.

A separate column had advanced and attacked Melitopol, to the northeast of Crimea, on 25 February taking it by 1 March. This city was the first major city that the Russian Army had taken (they took Kherson the following day).

These were now the two largest cities taken from Ukraine, and the only two. Kherson had a pre-war population of 283,649 and Melitopol had 150,768 people (according to the 2021 population estimate). Russia was certainly looking like they were doing what they intended to do in this area.

Even before taking Kherson they expanded their operations, advancing beyond to Mykolaiv starting a battle on the evening of 26 February with a column of reportedly 12 tanks. The entered the outskirts of the city, but driven back. Russian reinforcements advanced from Kherson on 28th and launched another attack. There were several subsequent attacks over the next few days and fighting the outskirts of the city, but clearly Russia did not have the forces in place to take Mykolaiv. This was the second sign the Russian offensive actually did not have a lot of “umpf” (the failure to break into Kiev in the first few days was the first sign).

The Russians then continued to advance past Mykolaiv (pop. 476,101), up the Southern Bug River to Nova Odessa (pop. 11,690), also not taking that, and then continued up the Southern Bug to Voznesensk (34,050), which they also did not take. There was a Russian armored column that was hit outside the city on March, meaning that they were just taking Kherson while the head of the column was 88 miles away (142 kilometers) fighting at Voznesensk. Lots of blitz here, but one question if they had enough weight to these forces conduct krieg. The attacking force was reportedly the Russian 126th Coastal Defense Brigade of 400 men and 43 vehicles. So, basically a large reinforced company flung 90 miles to the NW of Kherson.

This advance seems like a pointless probe into nowhere, operating under what appears to be the now proven false assumption that somehow or the other the Ukrainians were going to collapse the moment they saw Russian armor columns.

Mykolaiv is a port, even though it is a way up the river. It is the main shipbuilding center on the Black Sea. The largest warship in the Ukrainian navy and their only frigate, the Hetman Sahaidachny (3,150 tons) was undergoing a major refit there. It was scuttled probably around 28 February 2022. Not sure why they did that, as they ended up controlling Mykolaiv.

Now, Russian was stretched out across around 90 miles from Kherson to Mykolaiv to Nova Odesa to Voznesensk. Needless to say, this was an untenable position that they would soon to be pushed back from or withdraw from.

The Ukrainian holding of Mykolaiv was significant. Without control of that, any further operations up the Southern Bug were pointless. Without Mykolaiv, they could not threaten to cut off eastern Ukraine and could not threaten to take Odessa. Mykolaiv is the location of the bridges crossing the Southern Bug on the road to Odessa. It was kind of critical for Ukraine to hold this city of around a half million people, which they apparently did with a mix of forces (elements of the 59th Motorized Brigade, 90th Air Assault Brigade, 36th Naval Infantry Brigade and militia). The Russian forces that advanced appeared to be of limited strength, which was becoming a theme throughout this campaign. It was a force large enough to overcome the hastily organized defenders of Kherson, but not large enough to take any other major population centers. They had enough to send a column to Melitopol, to advance after that to Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, to push up to Mykolaiv and to push beyond all the way to Voznesensk. By the results, it appears that this was a force that came out of Crimea of maybe 3 or 4 BTGs. It may have been more, but it could not have been much more. This really was not a lot for the amount of area they were taking and then had to cover. They then appear to have run out steam, which is not surprising considering.

Meanwhile, Russian forces occupied the areas between Melitopol and Kherson, including taking the Zaporozhzhia Nuclear Power plant. They then did not appear to advance further north, probably because of a lack of strength. This left the Ukrainian cities of Mykolaiv (pop. 476,101) and Zaporizhzhiya (pop. 722,713) to their north still securely in Ukrainian hands. It did create a large occupied area to the north of Crimea that secured the water supply for the peninsula. To their west, along the Sea of Azov, was the Ukrainian city of Mariupol (pop. 431,859), which became the next big objective for the forces operating in the south, and the subject of my next post on this subject.

There does appear to have been a few things wrong with Russian operations. First, the initial assault on Kherson was conducted with a very limited force. They obviously reinforced that force, correcting the problem and took Kherson six days later. But, overall, it does not look like the forces that came out of Crimea were all that significant size wise. I have seen no estimates of their force strength for this operation, but would not be surprised if it was a low as a half-dozen BTGs. They were basically able to grab one undefended city, and lightly defended nuclear power plant, one lightly defended city, and a lot of undefended territory in between. They were not able to take anything that was defended in strength.

And then there is the question of where and what the Ukrainian Army was doing. In the process of defending Kiev, Mariupol, Kharkov, Donetsk and Lugansk, did they leave this area under-resourced? Did they even bother to defend the route out of the Crimea, where there are only three narrow peninsulas leading the rest of Ukraine. It does not appear that they did that at all. That a weak column could run all the way from Crimea to Kherson on the first day indicates that there was no opposition in between. This kind of surprises me.

It also does not appear that they had a significant force initially defending Kherson. They gathered something together in the area that took it back that same day, but one might guess that the Russian forces hanging onto Kherson initially were a company-sized force or less. They fact that the Russians were quickly able to retake it, across a bridge and a large river indicates that there was not a lot Ukrainians defending there to start with (and apparently even less Russians initially). It just seems like a lot of progress was made in this area with very limited Russian forces against what was even more limited Ukrainian opposition. This is kind of surprising, because the Ukrainians probably should have been prepared for an advance out of Crimea.

Anyhow, weird sideshow of an operation that captured almost the entire Kherson Province from Ukraine in a little over a week. This ended up becoming the most successful Russian operation of the first phase of the war.

I stop here today. Next is the fight over Mariupol.

The Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022 – Day 62 (ground actions)

Christopher A. Lawrence
April 26, 2022

A link to a blow up of the map is here: Wikipedia map

Week nine of the war. It does appear that the wettest of weather has passed. Two days of rain forecast this next week. So, waiting now for when the war resumes in earnest. A lot of people are announcing that the second phase of the war has begun, but don’t see any major offensives yet. It will probably have to wait until the ground has dried.

The fight for the Donbas is developing with the Russians taking Kreminna (pop. 18,417) on 18 April and the Ukrainians taking Maryinka (pop. 9,256) down towards Mariupol on 19 April. Videos verified by CNN show Russian forces in central Rubizhne (pop. 56,066). It is on the front line, due north of Sievierodonetsk and due east of Kreminna. It does look the Russians are slowly advancing towards Sievierodonetsk from the north. These appear to be preparatory steps ahead of the main offensive.

Russia controls the majority of isolated Mariupol, with a group of over a thousand Ukrainians holding out in a steel mill. Russia appears be unable to finish them off, so not sure how much longer this drags on. Depends on food I guess. They are not going to be relieved. Ukrainian Army remains over 60 miles away.

It appears that Kiev, Chernigov, Sumy and the northeast part of Ukraine are secure. Of course, Russia can always reintroduce troops later from Russia or Belarus. The U.S. DOD is reporting that 22 BTGs (Battalion Tactical Groups) are refitting north of Ukraine

Russia continues to occupy three cities, Berdyansk (pop. 107,928), Melitopol (pop. 150,768) and Kherson (pop. 283,649). Russia has taken all of Izium (pop. 45,884) as of 1 April.

I will put any changes/updates since yesterday’s post in italics.

We are looking at six major areas of operations right now.

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

Here is what I have heard/seen from open sources:

1. Kiev (pop: 2,962,180): It appears that Kiev is secure.

2. Odessa (pop: 1,015,826): Appears to be secure. Do not think it is in danger anymore from amphibious invasion. The range of a Ukrainian manufactured Neptune missile is 175 miles (280 kilometers). The distance from Odessa to Sevastopol is 188 miles. The distance from Odessa to Chisinau, the capital of land-locked Moldova (pop. 2.6 million), is about 100 miles. I do hear some talk about the Russian separatist Transnistria (pop. maybe 347,251), officially called PMR (Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic), becoming somehow involved in this war, but I don’t see it. They are pretty small and pretty isolated. Russia does have a force of 1,500 troops there based at a decommissioned Soviet-era ammunition depot at Cobasna where it guards 22,000 tons of military equipment and ammunition.

A Russian news agency (RIA) quoting the Russian defense ministry today said that 1 person was killed and 27 were missing from the sunk cruiser Moskva and the remaining 396 crew were evacuated. 396 + 1 + 27 = 424, which is less than the ship’s reported strength of 485 or 510. There are reports out there that the count of missing exceeds 27.

3. Kharkov (pop: 1,433,886): Kharkov looks to be securely held but is still being shelled.

A Ukrainian advance to the SE of Kharkov on 18 April has reached Pechenihy (pop. 5,058), which is now being contested. Ukraine is also reported contesting Kochetok (pop. 2,968) on 18 April and Kazacha Lopan (pop. 5,0005) on 22 April. Kazacha Lopan (Cossack Lopan) is due north of Kharkov and is three miles from the Russian border. The Russians have also expanded some around Izium,

The Russians have two options for an encirclement of the Ukrainian areas of Lugansk and Donetsk province. One is the “smaller option” of striking from Kreminna and near Soledar to surround Sieverierodonesk and Lysychansk. The other is a “larger option” to strike from Izium and surround Sloviansk and Kramatorsk also. They may try both. If they are doing that, then I assume options like a renewed assault on Kharkov or a drive towards Dnipro (which is a good distance away) are off the table.

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces: The Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) is reporting as of 14 April that they had 1,413 soldiers killed and 5,716 wounded (4.05-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio) out of a supposed strength of 20,000. This is 36% casualties out of an estimated force of 20,000, which is pretty serious. They have been surprisingly diligent about regularly reporting these figures. One wonders if some Russian losses or contractors are being included in these figures. Lugansk People’s Republic (LPR) is reported as of 5 April to have had 500-600 killed out of an estimated force of 14,000. This is 21% casualties, assuming a 4-to-1 killed ratio. Don’t know how many of DPR and LPR forces are Russians from Russians as opposed to locals.

Zelensky in an interview on CNN on 17 April said they had 44,000 professional military men in the Donbas.

Sievierodonetsk (pop. 101,135) might soon come under assault or possibly siege. It is already in danger of being surrounded, with Russian or DPR forces near Bakhmut (pop. 72,310) and Soledar (pop.10,692) and pushing down from the north from Kreminna and Rubizhne.

The Russian and LPR (Lugansk People’s Republic) have taken Kreminna (pop. 18,417). This village is to the NW of Sievierdonetsk and Lysychansk (pop. 95,031). Videos verified by CNN show Russian forces in central Rubizhne (pop. 56,066). It is on the front line, due north of Sievierodonetsk and due east of Kreminna. It does look the Russians are slowly advancing towards Sievierodonetsk from the north. This metropolitan area has a combined population of around 350,000.

As of 23 April, Popasna (pop. 19,672) and Rubizhne (pop 56,066) in Lugansk Province are reported as contested. Ukraine is still holding Poposna. Also reported as contested are Torske (pop. 1,653) and Avdiyivka (31,940) in the Donetsk Province. Avdiyivka is still in Ukranian hands as I gather is also Torske. There are other reports of fighting around other villages, especially in the Izium area. Again, I am guessing that these are preparatory actions before the main Russian offensive. If this is the main Russian offensive, then this is kind of sad.

The map below shows the operations better than I can and shows from left to right Izium, Torske, Kreminna, Rubizhne, Popasnaya, Soledar and Bakhmut, along with the four majors cities that would be the objective of this offensive (Kramatorsk, Slavyansk, Lysychansk, and Sievierodonetsk). It is from Russia. It is drawn from the “American pro-Kremlin and conspiracy theory website” Veterans’s Today, see: https://www.veteranstoday.com/2022/04/20/sitrep-operation-z-april-20-2022/?msclkid=780c64ffc23811eca1c90b30393283a1

Slovyansk (pop. 106,972) to its west is also expected to come under assault.

Kramatorsk (pop. 150,084), located just to the south of Sloviansk. It had its rail station hit on 9 April with over 50 civilians killed.

To the southwest of this fight, the Ukrainians have retaken Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April, which had been taken by the DPR on 17 March. There is still fighting “in the direction of” (but not at?) Maryinka, Novomykhailivka, and Trudoliubivka, on the route to Zaporizhzhia.

5. Mariupol (pop: 431,859): Day fifty-six of the siege! The defenders appear to still be determinedly holding out in one or two pockets of resistance. There were unconfirmed reports of “phosphorus munitions” being used in Mariupol. Putin has ordered a halt to the assault on the Azovstal steel mill, but it is still being attacked. Not sure how serious these attacks are.

The failure of the Russians to complete the conquest of Mariupol is probably due to a shortage of good infantry. If you are going to do urban operations, you need infantry. Otherwise, you are going to have to shell everything to oblivion, which appears to be what they are doing. Following video of street fighting in Mariupol was just released by the Azov Regiment (0:58): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6UOYKQ8JD8

According to the DOD on 18 April there are almost a dozen BTGs in Mariupol. As each BTG has about 200 infantry, then 11 x 200 gives us 2,200 infantry. They have already probably had heavy infantry losses though, so could have less than half of those troops available.

Not sure what the starting strength was for the Ukrainian defenders at Mariupol. I have seen figures as low as 3,500 defenders, which is really not a lot and I suspect is low. The only two units I have heard of defending Mariupol are the Azov Regiment and the 36th Marine (or Naval Infantry) Brigade, but other units are listed in Wikipedia inside Mariupol (12th Operation Brigade, State Border Guards Service) and other units are listed as involved (10th Assault Brigade, 46th Motorized Brigade, Territorial Defense Forces). The Russian military are now estimating the 2,000 fighters are holding out around the Azovstal steel mill in the city. The Mariupol city council reports more than 1,000 civilians and Ukarinian troops are in the steel mill complex, which covers 4 square miles and includes a network of tunnels. Added to that they reported on 13 April that 1,026 Ukrainian troops of the 36th Marine Brigade surrendered at the Ilyich Iron and Steel Works. See: Ukrainians defy deadline to surrender in Mariupol or die. Parts of the 36th Marine Brigade are still engaged there though, with a major there reporting that had more than 500 wounded fighters. See: Mariupol fighters ‘dying underground’ at steel plant, commander says.

The population of the city is down to 100,000 or less. The mayor, who is no longer in the city, is claiming that that more than 10,000 people have been killed. The head of DPR (Donets People’s Republic) has said over 5,000 people have been killed. The city has been decimated, lots of buildings and houses destroyed. Mariupol has no power, gas or water. The vice-mayor of this city said on 3 March that they can hold out for five days.

If the Russians decided to just pen in the defenders and leave them there, then they have to leave forces, 1,000 or 2,000 or more, to hold them down. So they started with almost a dozen BTGs in Mariupol, probably have to leave a couple behind, have to garrison the area also, and their remaining BTGs have been depleted. So, the forces coming out of Mariupol to rejoin other operations is less than 10 BTGs.

There is a mass grave being reported outside of Mariupol near the town of Manhush. It looks like around 200 graves have been dug. Another mass grave is also being reported on 23 April. So far, they appear to be graves for hundreds of people, vice thousands.

6. Crimea & Kherson (pop: 283,649): Kherson is under Russian control. Are the Ukrainians going to make a push to take back Kherson? There does appear to be a Russian push near Oleksandriivka (pop. 5,095), on the route towards Mykolaiv.

It looks like some fighting is developing to the NE of Kherson, on the route towards Kryvyi Rih and Nikopol. Ukraine is claiming an attack on an ammunition depot at Russian-held Velyka Oleksandrivka. My suspicion is that Ukraine is going to launch an operation to try to reclaim Kherson and Kherson Province.

Weather: Kharkov at 5 PM: 68 degrees (20 Celsius) and sunny. Low tonight 48 degrees (9 Celsius). Rain is forecasted for Friday and possibly next Monday (30% on the weather app on my iphone). Otherwise, is it partly cloudy all week. This does affect how fast the ground dries. Guessing that all major military operations are shut down for a few more days as it takes time for the ground to dry.

Ukrainian Army Build-up: Not sure how large the army now is (assume over 200,000). There is a Ukrainian Territorial Defense Force of 100,000 to 200,000. There are some foreign volunteers (including two Chechen battalions who have been there all along and a Georgian unit). I have yet to any statistics as to how many other foreign volunteers have been deployed, just individual stories.

According to senior U.S. officials, the U.S. and other NATO members have so far sent Ukraine 17,000 AT missiles and 2,000 Stinger AA missiles (or 1,400 since February according to a more recent source). The U.S. has promised an additional 9,000 AT missiles and 800 Stinger AA missiles (see below for more details). Czech Republic is providing them with “dozens” of T-72 tanks and BMP-1s. I gather other members of NATO are going to follow shortly. As of 1 Jan 2019, the Czech Army had 86 T-72M1, 30 T-72M4CZ, 145 BVP-1 (BMP-1 variant) and 185 BVP-2 (BMP-1 variant). They had no other tanks in their inventory, so were certainly due for an upgrade.

Slovakia has now donated S-300 air defense missiles to Ukraine. According to Wikipedia, Slovakia had only one battery with up to 45 missiles. In exchange, the U.S. is deploying some Patriots to Slovakia (not that it is under attack). At the start of the war Ukraine had about 100 batteries of S-300s with as many as 300 launchers. They have lost at least 21 launchers according to video evidence. NATO members Bulgaria (4 launchers) and Greece (32 launchers, 175 missiles) also have S-300s.

The U.S. Congress just approved another aid package for Ukraine, this one for $800 million. It includes 18 155mm Howitzers, 11 Mi-17 helicopters, 300 Switchblade drones (in addition to the 100 already committed in Ukraine), 200 M-113 APCs, more Javelin AT missiles, and Claymore directed mines. On March 16 the White House approved 800 Stingers (mentioned above), 2,000 Javelins, 6,000 AT4 AT launchers, 1,000 M-72 LAW, 100 unnamed drones, etc. On 6 April the U.S. announced it was providing $100 worth of Javelins and 100 Switchblade drones. It appears that the U.S. provided 18 155mm Howitzers with their 40,000 rounds are arriving in Eastern Europe ((guessing Poland) and that training of Ukrainian troops with the weapons starts in a few days.

The European Union has also provided another 500 million euros of aid. Total aid provided by the EU since the war began is 1.5 billion euros.

Poland is reported to have provided 100 T-72s with improved IR sights to Ukraine and also some BWP-1 IFVs. The transferred may have occurred a few days ago. It appears that the United States has provided Ukraine with the parts to rebuild 20 Mig-29s from a purchase of 21 Migs that we made from Moldova in 1997 to prevent their procurement at the time by Iran. They were sitting around unused.

President’s Biden speech on 21 April promised another $800 million in military aid to Ukraine, includes 72 155mm howitzers, 144,000 artillery rounds, and 121 Phoenix Ghost tactical drones. Congress does have to approve that, but I am guessing this is not an issue.

Biden stated that Ukraine has a 10-to-1 ratio of anti-tank missiles to Russian tanks. It is reported that the U.S. has provided over 5,500 Javelin AT missiles since the war began. The previous 18 Howitzers promised started arriving on 20 April in Europe. The U.S. is also promising $500 million more in economic assistance in addition to the $1 billion already provided.

NATO member Canada is delivering four M777 towed 155mm Howitzers to Ukraine. UK is making noise about providing artillery to Ukraine (104 towed light guns). UK has already provided Ukraine with 5,361 NLAW AT missiles, 200 Javelins and lots of other material. Some other nations are rumored to be providing artillery also.

Russian Army Build-up: I have yet to see many reports of Russia expanding its army or calling up more reserves and conscripts. Their biannual call-up starts on 1 April, and Putin just signed a decree ordering up 134,500 new conscripts into the army. See the comments in the Day 35 for a discussion on the significance of this. We are now in the ninth week of the war. Are they going to expand their army as Ukraine is clearly expanding theirs, or are they expecting that this war will end shortly? It looks like the Russian Army is adding a couple of thousand volunteers. The U.S. DOD told reporters on 8 April that the Russia could be looking to recruit as many as 60,000 soldiers to join the fight. I don’t know what that really means. Who? From where? What will be their training? How long will it take?

Opposing forces: Ukraine had before the war an army (ground forces) of 169,000 in 2016. The Russian army (not armed forces) was 280,000. The current Ukrainian army is now probably over 200,000. The Russian army (ground forces) in and around Ukraine is probably around 150,000 (up to 190,000). Donetsk PR is estimated at 20,000 and Lugansk at 14,000. Russia may be able to add more forces from their own resources, but not much more. If they want to add more, they are going to have to mobilize. They appear to be hesitant to do so. I suspect with full mobilization; we could be looking at a Ukrainian army larger than 300,000. At some point, Russia will have to mobilize to continue this war.

The Russian Home Front: Count of detained protesters is claimed to be over 14,900 since the war began. See: OVD-info. At least 800 people have been detained in Belarus. There have been only limited protests in the last few weeks.

Exchange rate: The ruble is at 77.10 to a dollar as of 11:13 AM EST. This is “better” than it was before the war began. The Russian stock market (Moscow exchange) remains closed except for state bonds.

Price of oil (Brent crude): $104.46 as of 11:13 AM EST. Several years ago, if the price of oil dropped below $80, the Russian budget would go into the red.

Note that Russia says it received $3.6 million less (302 billion rubles) than it forecast from March old and gas sales. Russia forecasted energy revenue of 790 billion rubles ($9.4 billion) but received around 488 billion rubles., a drop of 38%. The last report I saw, 52% of the Russian government revenue comes from oil (even though it makes up only 7% of their economy). The current Wikipedia article on the Russian economy says that roughly 40% of Russian federal budget comes from the oil and gas sector.

It has been estimated by the World Bank that Ukraine’s economy will shrink by an estimated 45.1% this year (which is a surprising precise estimate in the middle of a war).

The value of the ruble seems to have stabilized for the last two weeks at around 82 per dollar and oil prices at around $100-110. Lower oil prices do undercut the Russian government budget. To further lower the oil prices probably requires the corporation of Saudi Arabia and OPEC. Right now, they are steering a neutral course between the U.S. and Russia, which is kind of questionable on their part.

Casualties: The UN is reporting on 25 April 2,665 civilians confirmed dead in the war, 81 are in territory controlled by Russian separatists. Ukraine is claiming more than 10,000 civilians killed in Mariupol alone. Zelensky (President of Ukraine) is reporting on 12 March that around 1,300 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed. Russia claimed by 2 March to have captured 572 soldiers (which is entirely believable). U.S. officials are saying (March 9) that between 2,000 to 4,000 Ukrainian troops have been killed. Zelensky told CNN on 15 April that Ukrainian Army had lost between 2,500-3,000 troops since the fighting has begun and about 10,000 have been wounded (wounded-to-killed ratio of 4.00- or 3.33-to-1). This is the first update on Ukrainian Army losses since 12 March.

Russia reported on 2 March 498 troops have been killed and 1,597 wounded. This is a 3.21-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which seems a little low (see link below). Ukraine is reporting almost 200 Russians captured. The Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) is reporting as of 21 April that they had 1,413 soldiers killed and 5,716 wounded (4.05-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio). Lugansk People’s Republic (LPR) is reported as of 5 April to have had 500-600 killed. BBC Russian Service as of 5 April has counted 1,083 confirmed killed, of which 217 are officers. This includes 10 colonels, 20 lieutenant colonels and 31 majors. This is certainly an undercount. The Russian Army stated on March 25 that 1,351 soldiers have been killed and 3,825 wounded. This is a 2.83-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which is still pretty low, but at least is more believable than some other estimates. The Kremlin spokesperson Peskov is now saying “We have significant losses of troops. It’s a huge tragedy for us.” Not sure how to convert “significant losses” into a numerical value.

The Ukrainians are as of 20 March to hold 562 Russian soldiers as prisoners, with 10 previously released in prisoner exchanged for 5 Ukrainian soldiers and the Mayor of Melitopol. Subsequent exchanges have released 96 Russian soldiers and 11 Russian civilians, in exchange for 96 Ukrainian soldiers and 19 Ukrainian civilian sailors. Prisoner exchanges from 9, 14, 19 and 21 April released 104 Ukrainian soldiers and officers and 47 civilians. The number of Russians released in these exchanges has not been provided, but the exchanges are probably one-for-one. The prisoner exchange on 15 April released 5 Ukrainian soldiers for four Russian soldiers. Total released is now 210 Ukrainian soldiers and 67 civilians.

A post was made 21 April to a Russian news site that reported “irretrievable losses” in Ukraine were 13,414 soldiers, of which more than 7,000 were missing. As “irretrievable losses” means killed, possibly died of wounds (DOW) and missing, this would imply that Russian killed is 6,414 or less. It was quickly deleted, and the news site claimed it was hacked. Some media has reported the post as over 13,000 killed and over 7,000 missing, but “irretrievable losses” usually includes missing. The post also stated that the cruiser Moskva had 116 killed and more than 100 missing. A Russian news agency (RIA) quoting the Russian defense ministry today said that 1 person was killed and 27 were missing. The claim of 7,000 Russian soldiers missing is hard to match with Ukrainian reports of hundreds captured. During our capture rate studies (see: http://www.dupuyinstitute.org/tdipub3.htm) it appeared that during the German offensive in July 1943 to the south of Kursk, that around 75% of the Russians reported missing were captured by the Germans. I am assuming that if Russia has 7,000 missing, then Ukraine has thousands of prisoners. That does not appear to be the case.

A total of seven named Russian generals have been killed. The previously reported death of Lt. Gen. Yakov Rezanstev of the 49th Combined Arms Army (age 49) has still not been confirmed. The Ukrainians claimed two more Russian generals killed this weekend, but no names were provided, and this has not been confirmed. Ukrainian “sources” estimate that around 20 major generals have been deployed to the Ukrainian front.

During World War II the United States lost 11 generals killed in action. Germany lost 135 and had 84 executed. See: A List of American Commanders in WWII Who Lost Their Lives (warfarehistorynetwork.com). The U.S. lost six generals killed in action in Vietnam: Last US general killed in combat was in Vietnam in 1970

Russian Equipment Losses: @oryxspioenko is reporting the following Russian losses based upon his analysis of pictures and videos. Russian equipment losses are here: https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900, 21 April

Tanks: 336 485 517

AFVs: 239 258 312

IFVs: 320 516 556

APCs: 79 95 99

Jet aircraft: 15 18 21

Helicopters: 32 30 33

The Ukranian Ministry of Defense is claiming as of 29 March they have destroyed 597 tanks, 1,710 armored personnel vehicles, 127 aircraft and 129 helicopters. They also claim 17,200 Russian soldiers killed. They claimed as of 13 April they have destroyed 739 tanks, 1,964 armored personnel vehicles, 158 aircraft and 143 helicopters. They also claim 19,800 Russian soldiers killed. These figures look to be inflated, especially the aircraft and helicopter claims. We assume personnel claims are also inflated.

Ukrainian Equipment Losses: @oryxspioenko now has a separate listing for Ukrainian losses based upon his analysis of pictures and videos. It is here: https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-ukrainian.html?msclkid=a374718dc17511ecb7fe354e35b82b28

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900. 21 April

Tanks: 79 107 130

AFVs: 62 73 79

IFVs: 60 82 88

APCs: 29 39 51

Jet aircraft: 10 13 14

Helicopters: 1 3 5

Have no idea how accurate this count really is (the Ukrainian losses seem low), but I figure it is probably the best count publicly available.

It is clear that more than 11,000 people have died in this conflict (1,351 (Russian Army) + at least 2,000 more (Russian Army) + 3,000 (Ukrainian Army) + 2,665 (Civilians) + 1,413 (DPR) + 600 (LPR) = 11,029). It is probably in excess of 13,000 total deaths depending on Russian military deaths and the real count of civilian losses. The number of deaths of Mariupol are unverified and unknown.

If Ukrainian military deaths are between 2,500 and 3,000, then I assume Russian military deaths are at least as many. Ukraine is claiming as of 19 April that 20,800 Russian and DPR soldiers have been killed, Russians are claiming as of 16 April that 23,367 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed. Are both sets of figures similarly inflated?

The Russian claims are also very nebulous with lots of people hanging onto a figure of 10,000 or 15,000 or 20,000 killed. There are reasons to doubt these high claims. It is clear the Russian military deaths are 3,000 killed or higher.

Both sides have claimed a similar number of troops captured (572 Ukrainians captured by 2 March vs 572 Russians captured by 20 March).

There are people doing a more detailed job of tracking losses on Twitter, including @RALee85 and @Oryxspioenkop and @caucasuswar, none of whom are known to me. One of them appears to have accepted the claims of at least 10,000 Russian soldiers killed.

Air Power: The Pentagon on 12 March is reporting that Russia is flying about 200 sorties a day. The Ukrainian air force has 56 operational jets flying 5 to 10 hours a day. March 22 it was reported by the U.S. that Russia flew more than 300 sorties into Ukraine. March 24 it was reported that more than 250 Russian sorties were flown, mostly around Kiev and Kharkov.

Missile Defense: According to Zelenskyy the missile barrage near Lvov on 12 March consisted of 30 missiles, 8 missiles that landed and 22 missiles that were intercepted and shot down. On the morning of 16 April in the Lvov region, Ukraine claimed it downed four cruise missiles fired by Su-35s operating from Belarus.

Now, I did not expect any serious progress on negotiations until after they took Mariupol. It is still hanging on. On the other hand, it does look like they intend to take and hold onto all of Donetsk and Lugansk provinces, and possibly all of Kherson province and four-fifths of Zaporizhzhia province. The capital Zaporizhzhia (pop. 722,713) may not be on their list of areas to take. So, four out of Ukraine’s 24 provinces and Crimea.

Populations of partly or completely occupied areas (2019 estimates):

Donetsk: 4,165,901

Lugansk: 2,151,833

Crimea: 2,033,700 (2001 census)

Zaporizhzhia: 1,705,836

Kherson: 1,037,640

Sevastopol: 509,992 (2021 estimate)

Population of Ukraine (excluding Crimea), 2022 estimate: 41,167,336

What they are willing to later negotiate away to achieve peace or a ceasefire is unknown. When they are ready to return to talks is unknown. This is beginning to look like an extended war.

Atrocities: The stories coming out of Bucha are pretty appalling. At least seven civilians have been reported killed in incidents not related to combat, 18 civilians were found dead in a basement, and another 20 civilians were found lying dead in the street, two with hands bound. The mayor of Bucha says they were executed. There are other claims scattered about Ukraine. How extensive and widespread this is still not certain, but this appears to be well beyond what one would expect from “collateral damage” from combat, and some appears to be deliberate. It does indicate, as a minimum, a lack of military discipline in some Russian units. This story is continually being updated right now. The latest figure (12 April) is that 403 civilians were killed in Bucha. The deputy mayor of Bucha says that 50 of the victims have been confirmed as extrajudicially executed. Additional reports from Ukraine have put the body count of civilians found in the towns and villages surround Kiev at 1,222. This has not been independently confirmed.

There is also a video out there of Ukrainian soldiers shooting several Russian prisoners in their legs. There is a second video showing Ukrainian troops executing what appears to be four Russian prisoners seven miles SW of Bucha. See: https://news.yahoo.com/video-appears-show-ukrainian-soldiers-192219323.html. More detailed description from BBC: https://www.bbc.com/news/61025388. It is on youtube, if you want to look it up. I believe they are members of the Georgian Legion, a group of Georgian volunteers fighting for Ukraine.

Other Issues: Azerbaijani troops have occupied an area in Nagorno-Karabakh that they are claiming is theirs. The Russian peacekeeping troops there have not expelled them.

Finland and Sweden are seriously discussing joining NATO later this year. They are rumored to be submitting their applications together by 22 May. I assume NATO will welcome them with open arms.

Ukraine may be on the fast track to join the European Union (which was the issue that started all the turmoil in 2013). EU member Austria has objected. All EU members must unanimously agree for a country’s membership negotiations to begin.

The Map: The attached map is from Wikipedia. It is dated 26 April. Maryinka is not shown on this map. The map has been updated to show on 18 April a Ukrainian offensive at Pechenihy (pop. 5,058) to the SE of Kharkov and the Russian taking of Kreminna to NW of Sievierodonetsk. There appears to be no changes to this map in the last seven days.

Eastern Europe Russia

The Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022 – Day 61 (ground actions)

Christopher A. Lawrence
April 25, 2022

A link to a blow up of the map is here: Wikipedia map

The blog was down for most of the day Sunday, due to the server being down. So, no Day 60 report was ever created.

Week nine of the war. It does appear that the wettest of weather has passed. One day of rain forecast this next week. So, waiting now for when the war resumes in earnest. A lot of people are announcing that the second phase of the war has begun, but don’t see any major offensives yet. It will probably have to wait until the ground has dried.

The fight for the Donbas is developing with the Russians taking Kreminna (pop. 18,417) on 18 April and the Ukrainians taking Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April. Videos verified by CNN show Russian forces in central Rubizhne (pop. 56,066). It is on the front line, due north of Sievierodonetsk and due east of Kreminna. It does look the Russians are slowly advancing towards Sievierodonetsk from the north. These appear to be preparatory steps ahead of the main offensive.

Russia controls the majority of isolated Mariupol, with maybe a group of over a thousand Ukrainians holding out in a steel mill. Russia appears be unable to finish them off, so not sure how much longer this drags on. Depends on food I guess. They are not going to be relieved. Ukrainian Army remains over 60 miles away.

Russia continues to occupy three cities, Berdyansk (pop. 107,928), Melitopol (pop. 150,768) and Kherson (pop. 283,649). Russia has taken all of Izium (pop. 45,884) as of 1 April.

I will put any changes/updates since yesterday’s post in italics.

We are looking at six major areas of operations right now.

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

Here is what I have heard/seen from open sources:

1. Kiev (pop: 2,962,180): It appears that Kiev is secure.

3. Kharkov (pop: 1,433,886): Kharkov looks to be securely held but is still being shelled.

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces: The Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) is reporting as of 14 April that they had 1,188 soldiers killed and 4,956 wounded (4.17-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio) out of a supposed strength of 20,000. This is 31% casualties out of an estimated force of 20,000, which is pretty serious. Lugansk People’s Republic (LPR) is reported as of 5 April to have had 500-600 killed out of an estimated force of 14,000. This is 21% casualties, assuming a 4-to-1 killed ratio. Don’t know how many of DPR and LPR forces are Russians from Russians as opposed to locals.

Zelensky in an interview on CNN on 17 April said they had 44,000 professional military men in the Donbas.

As of 23 April, Popasnaya (pop. 19,672) and Rubizhne (pop 56,066) in Lugansk Province are reported as contested as is Maryinka down towards Mariupol. Also contested are Torske (pop. 1,653) and Avdiivka (31,940) in the Donetsk Province..

The map below shows the operations better than I can and shows from left to right Izium, Torske, Kreminna, Rubizhne, Popasnaya, Soledar and Bakhmut, along with the four majors cities that would be the objective of this offensive (Kramatorsk, Slavyansk, Lysychansk, and Sievierodonetsk). It is from Russia. It is drawn from the “American pro-Kremlin and conspiracy theory website” Veterans’s Today, see: https://www.veteranstoday.com/2022/04/20/sitrep-operation-z-april-20-2022/?msclkid=780c64ffc23811eca1c90b30393283a1

Slovyansk (pop. 106,972) to its west is also expected to come under assault.

Kramatorsk (pop. 150,084), located just to the south of Sloviansk. It had its rail station hit on 9 April with over 50 civilians killed.

The Ukrainians have retaken Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April, which had been taken by the DPR on 17 March.

5. Mariupol (pop: 431,859): Day fifty-five of the siege! The defenders appear to still be determinedly holding out in one or two pockets of resistance. There were unconfirmed reports of “phosphorus munitions” being used in Mariupol. Putin has ordered a halt to the assault on the Azovstal steel mill, but it is still being attacked.

Weather: Kharkov at 3 PM: 67 degrees (19 Celsius) and partly cloudy. Low tonight 50 degrees (10 Celsius). Rain is forecasted for Friday and that is all. Otherwise, is it partly cloudy all week. This does affect how fast the ground dries. Guessing that all major military operations are shut down for a few more days as it takes time for the ground to dry.

According to senior U.S. officials, the U.S. and other NATO members have so far sent Ukraine 17,000 AT missiles and 2,000 Stinger AA missiles. The U.S. has promised an additional 9,000 AT missiles and 800 Stinger AA missiles (see below for more details). Czech Republic is providing them with “dozens” of T-72 tanks and BMP-1s. I gather other members of NATO are going to follow shortly. As of 1 Jan 2019, the Czech Army had 86 T-72M1, 30 T-72M4CZ, 145 BVP-1 (BMP-1 variant) and 185 BVP-2 (BMP-1 variant). They had no other tanks in their inventory, so were certainly due for an upgrade.

The European Union has also provided another 500 million euros of aid. Total aid provided by the EU since the war began is 1.5 billion euros.

NATO member Canada is delivering four M777 towed 155mm Howitzers to Ukraine.

Russian Army Build-up: I have yet to see many reports of Russia expanding its army or calling up more reserves and conscripts. Their biannual call-up starts on 1 April, and Putin just signed a decree ordering up 134,500 new conscripts into the army. See the comments in the Day 35 for a discussion on the significance of this. We are now in the eighth week of the war. Are they going to expand their army as Ukraine is clearly expanding theirs, or are they expecting that this war will end shortly? It looks like the Russian Army is adding a couple of thousand volunteers. The U.S. DOD told reporters on 8 April that the Russia could be looking to recruit as many as 60,000 soldiers to join the fight. I don’t know what that really means. Who? From where? What will be their training? How long will it take?

Exchange rate: The ruble is at 77.40 to a dollar as of 10:58 AM EST. This is “better” than it was before the war began. The Russian stock market (Moscow exchange) remains closed except for state bonds.

Price of oil (Brent crude): $100.29 as of 10:59 AM EST. Several years ago, if the price of oil dropped below $80, the Russian budget would go into the red.

It has been estimated by the World Bank that Ukraine’s economy will shrink by an estimated 45.1% this year (which is a surprising precise estimate in the middle of a war).

Casualties: The UN is reporting on 22 April 2,435 civilians confirmed dead in the war, 79 are in territory controlled by Russian separatists. Ukraine is claiming more than 10,000 civilians killed in Mariupol alone. Zelensky (President of Ukraine) is reporting on 12 March that around 1,300 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed. Russia claimed by 2 March to have captured 572 soldiers (which is entirely believable). U.S. officials are saying (March 9) that between 2,000 to 4,000 Ukrainian troops have been killed. Zelensky told CNN on 15 April that Ukrainian Army had lost between 2,500-3,000 troops since the fighting has begun and about 10,000 have been wounded (wounded-to-killed ratio of 4.00- or 3.33-to-1). This is the first update on Ukrainian Army losses since 12 March.

Russia reported on 2 March 498 troops have been killed and 1,597 wounded. This is a 3.21-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which seems a little low (see link below). Ukraine is reporting almost 200 Russians captured. The Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) is reporting as of 14 April that they had 1,188 soldiers killed and 4,956 wounded (4.17-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio). Lugansk People’s Republic (LPR) is reported as of 5 April to have had 500-600 killed. BBC Russian Service as of 5 April has counted 1,083 confirmed killed, of which 217 are officers. This includes 10 colonels, 20 lieutenant colonels and 31 majors. This is certainly an undercount. The Russian Army stated on March 25 that 1,351 soldiers have been killed and 3,825 wounded. This is a 2.83-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which is still pretty low, but at least is more believable than some other estimates. The Kremlin spokesperson Peskov is now saying “We have significant losses of troops. It’s a huge tragedy for us.” Not sure how to convert “significant losses” into a numerical value.

A total of seven named Russian generals have been killed. The previously reported death of Lt. Gen. Yakov Rezanstev of the 49th Combined Arms Army (age 49) has still not been confirmed. The Ukrainians claimed two more Russian generals killed this weekend, but no names were provided, and this has not been confirmed. Ukrainian “sources” estimate that around 20 major generals have been deployed to the Ukrainian front.

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900, 21 April

Tanks: 336 485 517

AFVs: 239 258 312

IFVs: 320 516 556

APCs: 79 95 99

Jet aircraft: 15 18 21

Helicopters: 32 30 33

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900. 21 April

Tanks: 79 107 130

AFVs: 62 73 79

IFVs: 60 82 88

APCs: 29 39 51

Jet aircraft: 10 13 14

Helicopters: 1 3 5

Have no idea how accurate this count really is (the Ukrainian losses seem low), but I figure it is probably the best count publicly available.

It is clear that more than 10,000 people have died in this conflict (1,351 (Russian Army) + at least 2,000 more (Russian Army) + 3,000 (Ukrainian Army) + 2,435 (Civilians) + 1,188 (DPR) + 600 (LPR) = 10,574). It is probably in excess of 12,000 total deaths depending on Russian military deaths and the real count of civilian losses. The number of deaths of Mariupol are unverified and unknown.

Both sides have claimed a similar number of troops captured (572 Ukrainians captured by 2 March vs 572 Russians captured by 20 March).

Populations of partly or completely occupied areas (2019 estimates):

Donetsk: 4,165,901

Lugansk: 2,151,833

Crimea: 2,033,700 (2001 census)

Zaporizhzhia: 1,705,836

Kherson: 1,037,640

Sevastopol: 509,992 (2021 estimate)

Population of Ukraine (excluding Crimea), 2022 estimate: 41,167,336

What they are willing to later negotiate away to achieve peace or a ceasefire is unknown. When they are ready to return to talks is unknown. This is beginning to look like an extended war.

Other Issues: Azerbaijani troops have occupied an area in Nagorno-Karabakh that they are claiming is theirs. The Russian peacekeeping troops there have not expelled them.

Finland and Sweden are seriously discussing joining NATO later this year. Finland is further along in this discussion than Sweden. I assume NATO will welcome them with open arms.

Ukraine may be on the fast track to join the European Union (which was the issue that started all the turmoil in 2013). EU member Austria has objected. All EU members must unanimously agree for a country’s membership negotiations to begin.

The Map: The attached map is from Wikipedia. It is dated 25 April. Maryinka is not shown on this map. The map has been updated to show on 18 April a Ukrainian offensive at Pechenihy (pop. 5,058) to the SE of Kharkov and the Russian taking of Kreminna to NW of Sievierodonetsk. There appears to be no changes to this map in the last seven days.

Eastern Europe Russia

1420 – fourth posting

Christopher A. Lawrence
April 23, 2022

I have three times in the past posted links to the 1420 Youtube interviews of Russians. Another one was just posted called “What do Russians think now? Two months after the start.” See: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38-vNNH30iY

I did notice about a week ago there were some news articles here about the 1420 Youtube channel. For example: https://news.yahoo.com/interview-everyday-russians-youtube-viewers-135125021.html

So it appears I am not the only one watching his videos. I do think it would be useful if he stepped away from Moscow and did the interviews elsewhere, like Belgorod, for example

Previous postings:

1420 | Mystics & Statistics (dupuyinstitute.org)

1420 – second posting | Mystics & Statistics (dupuyinstitute.org)

1420 – third posting | Mystics & Statistics (dupuyinstitute.org)

Eastern Europe Russia

The Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022 – Day 59 (ground actions)

A link to a blow up of the map is here: Wikipedia map

Week nine of the war. It does appear that the war is quiet for the next week or so. It is raining today and tomorrow. A lot of people are announcing that the second phase of the war has begun, but don’t see any major offensives yet. It will probably have to wait until it has stopped raining and the ground has dried.

The fight for the Donbas is developing with the Russians taking Kreminna (pop. 18,417) on 18 April and the Ukrainians taking Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April. Videos verified by CNN show Russian forces in central Rubizhne (pop. 56,066). It is on the front line, due north of Sievierodonetsk and due east of Kreminna. It does look the Russians are slowly advancing towards Sievierodonetsk from the north. These appear to be preparatory steps ahead of the main offensive.

Russia controls the majority of isolated Mariupol, with maybe a group of over a thousand Ukrainians holding out in a steel mill. Russia appears be unable to finish them off, so not sure how much longer this drags on. Depends on food I guess. They are is not going to be relieved. Ukrainian Army remains over 60 miles away.

Russia continues to occupy three cities, Berdyansk (pop. 107,928), Melitopol (pop. 150,768) and Kherson (pop. 283,649). Russia has taken all of Izium (pop. 45,884) as of 1 April.

I will put any changes/updates since yesterday’s post in italics. I did put this post on a diet.

We are looking at six major areas of operations right now.

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

Here is what I have heard/seen from open sources:

1. Kiev (pop: 2,962,180): It appears that Kiev is secure.

3. Kharkov (pop: 1,433,886): Kharkov looks to be securely held but is still being shelled.

Zelensky in an interview on CNN on 17 April said they had 44,000 professional military men in the Donbas.

There has been fighting reported around Lozove, Rubtsi, Yatskivka to the east of Izium and at Torske (pop. 1,653) to the west of Kreminna. I gather Torske is contested. The map below shows the operations better than I can.

This map is drawn from the blog Veterans Today, which is reported in Wikipedia as an “American pro-Kremlin and conspiracy theory website”. Wikipedia article is here: Veterans Today – Wikipedia. Soutfront.org, the source of this map, is reported in Wikipedia as a “multiligual website registered in Russia that ‘combines Kremlin talking points with detailed knowledge of military systems and ongoing conflicts…’” See: SouthFront – Wikipedia. These sites should be viewed with considerable caution.

The Veterans’s Today article is here: https://www.veteranstoday.com/2022/04/20/sitrep-operation-z-april-20-2022/?msclkid=780c64ffc23811eca1c90b30393283a1

Sloviansk (pop. 106,972) to its west is also expected to come under assault.

Kramatorsk (pop. 150,084), located just to the south of Sloviansk. It had its rail station hit on 9 April with over 50 civilians killed.

The Ukrainians have retaken Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April, which had been taken by the DPR on 17 March.

5. Mariupol (pop: 431,859): Day fifty-three of the siege. The defenders appear to still be determinedly holding out in one or two pockets of resistance. There were unconfirmed reports of “phosphorus munitions” being used in Mariupol. Putin has ordered a halt to the assault on the Azovstal steel mill. Not sure what happens next.

There is a mass grave being reported outside of Mariupol near the town of Manhush. It looks like around 200 graves have been dug. Another mass grave is also being reported on today. So far, they appear to be graves for hundreds of people, vice thousands.

Weather: Kharkov at 6 PM: 61 degrees (16 Celsius) and cloudy. Low tonight 49 degrees (9 Celsius). Rain expected in the evening and forecast for Sunday. Guessing that all major military operations are shut down for a few more days as it takes time for the ground to dry.

The European Union has also provided another 500 million euros of aid. Total aid provided by the EU since the war began is 1.5 billion euros.

Russian Army Build-up: I have yet to see many reports of Russia expanding its army or calling up more reserves and conscripts. Their biannual call-up starts on 1 April, and Putin just signed a decree ordering up 134,500 new conscripts into the army. See the comments in the Day 35 for a discussion on the significance of this. We are now in the eighth week of the war. Are they going to expand their army as Ukraine is clearly expanding theirs, or are they expecting that this war will end shortly? It looks like the Russian Army is adding a couple of thousand volunteers. The U.S. DOD told reporters on 8 April that the Russia could be looking to recruit as many as 60,000 soldiers to join the fight. I don’t know what that really means. Who? From where? What will be their training? How long will it take?

Exchange rate: The Ruble is at 79.87 to a dollar as of 11:39 AM EST. This is “better” than it was before the war began. We gather the Russian government is propping the ruble up. Not sure what the exchange rate will be if Russia ever opens its stock market.

Price of oil (Brent crude): $106.65 as of 11:40 AM EST. Several years ago, if the price of oil dropped below $80, the Russian budget would go into the red.

It has been estimated by the World Bank that Ukraine’s economy will shrink by an estimated 45.1% this year (which is a surprising precise estimate in the middle of a war).

Casualties: The UN is reporting on 22 April 2,435 civilians confirmed dead in the war, 79 are in territory controlled by Russian separatists. Ukraine is claiming more than 10,000 civilians killed in Mariupol alone. Zelensky (President of Ukraine) is reporting on 12 March that around 1,300 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed. Russia claimed by 2 March to have captured 572 soldiers (which is entirely believable). U.S. officials are saying (March 9) that between 2,000 to 4,000 Ukrainian troops have been killed. Zelensky told CNN on 15 April that Ukrainian Army had lost between 2,500-3,000 troops since the fighting has begun and about 10,000 have been wounded (wounded-to-killed ratio of 4.00- or 3.33-to-1). This is the first update on Ukrainian Army losses since 12 March.

Russia reported on 2 March 498 troops have been killed and 1,597 wounded. This is a 3.21-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which seems a little low (see link below). Ukraine is reporting almost 200 Russians captured. The Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) is reporting as of 14 April that they had 1,188 soldiers killed and 4,956 wounded (4.17-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio). Lugansk People’s Republic (LPR) is reported as of 5 April to have had 500-600 killed. BBC Russian Service as of 5 April has counted 1,083 confirmed killed, of which 217 are officers. This includes 10 colonels, 20 lieutenant colonels and 31 majors. This is certainly an undercount. The Russian Army stated on March 25 that 1,351 soldiers have been killed and 3,825 wounded. This is a 2.83-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which is still pretty low, but at least is more believable than some other estimates. The Kremlin spokesperson Peskov is now saying “We have significant losses of troops. It’s a huge tragedy for us.” Not sure how to convert “significant losses” into a numerical value.

The Ukrainians are as of 20 March to hold 562 Russian soldiers as prisoners, with 10 previously released in prisoner exchanged for 5 Ukrainian soldiers and the Mayor of Melitopol. Subsequent exchanges have released 96 Russian soldiers and 11 Russian civilians, in exchange for 96 Ukrainian soldiers and 19 Ukrainian civilian sailors. Prisoner exchanges from 9, 14, 19 and 21 April released 104 Ukrainian soldiers and officers and 47 civilians. The number of Russians released in these exchanges has not been provided, but the exchanges are probably one-for-one. The prisoner exchange on 15 April released 5 Ukrainian soldiers for four Russian soldiers. Total released is now 210 Ukrainian soldiers and 67 civilians.

A total of seven Russian generals have been killed. The previously reported death of Lt. Gen. Yakov Rezanstev of the 49th Combined Arms Army (age 49) has still not been confirmed. Ukrainian “sources” estimate that around 20 major generals have been deployed to the Ukrainian front.

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900, 21 April

Tanks: 336 485 517

AFVs: 239 258 312

IFVs: 320 516 556

APCs: 79 95 99

Jet aircraft: 15 18 21

Helicopters: 32 30 33

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900. 21 April

Tanks: 79 107 130

AFVs: 62 73 79

IFVs: 60 82 88

APCs: 29 39 51

Jet aircraft: 10 13 14

Helicopters: 1 3 5

Have no idea how accurate this count really is (the Ukrainian losses seem low), but I figure it is probably the best count publicly available.

Both sides have claimed a similar number of troops captured (572 Ukrainians captured by 2 March vs 572 Russians captured by 20 March).

Populations of partly or completely occupied areas (2019 estimates):

Donetsk: 4,165,901

Lugansk: 2,151,833

Crimea: 2,033,700 (2001 census)

Zaporizhzhia: 1,705,836

Kherson: 1,037,640

Sevastopol: 509,992 (2021 estimate)

Population of Ukraine (excluding Crimea), 2022 estimate: 41,167,336

What they are willing to later negotiate away to achieve peace or a ceasefire is unknown. When they are ready to return to talks is unknown. This is beginning to look like an extended war.

Other Issues: Azerbaijani troops have occupied an area in Nagorno-Karabakh that they are claiming is theirs. The Russian peacekeeping troops there have not expelled them.

Finland and Sweden are seriously discussing joining NATO later this year. Finland is further along in this discussion than Sweden. I assume NATO will welcome them with open arms.

Ukraine may be on the fast track to join the European Union (which was the issue that started all the turmoil in 2013).

The Map: The attached map is from Wikipedia. It is dated 23 April. Maryinka is not shown on this map. There appears to be no changes to this map in the last two days.

The Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022 – Day 58 (ground actions)

A link to a blow up of the map is here: Wikipedia map

Week nine of the war. It appears that Kiev, Chernigov, Sumy and the northeast part of Ukraine are secure. Of course, Russia can always reintroduce troops later from Russia or Belarus. The U.S. DOD is reporting that 22 BTGs (Battalion Tactical Groups) are refitting north of Ukraine.

It does appear that the war is quiet for the next week or so as Russia repositions. It was also raining for parts of this week. Missiles and artillery shelling various Ukrainian cites. A lot of people are announcing that the second phase of the war has begun, but don’t see any major offensives yet. It will probably have to wait until it has stopped raining and the ground has dried.

The fight for the Donbas is developing with the Russians taking Kreminna (pop. 18,417) on 18 April and the Ukrainians taking Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April. Videos verified by CNN show Russian forces in central Rubizhne (pop. 56,066). It is on the front line, due north of Sievierodonetsk and due east of Kreminna. It does look the Russians are slowly advancing towards Sievierodonetsk from the north. It is worth looking at the blown up version of the map (link at start of post) in the areas of Sievierodenetsk and Lysychansk.

There are multiple reports of heavy civilian casualties and atrocities, especially in Bucha to the NW of Kiev. Lots of confirming evidence. It is all over the news, so no need to describe it here in detail.

Russia controls the majority of isolated Mariupol, with maybe a group of over a thousand Ukrainians holding out in a steel mill. Russia appears be unable to finish them off, so not sure how much longer this drags on. Depends on food I guess. They are is not going to be relieved. Ukrainian Army remains over 60 miles away.

This does appear to be the first of several “sieges” in the campaign. Is this the future of the Russian offensive? Is the next offense towards Kharkov; or is it the cities of Siervierdonetsk (pop. 101,135), Lysychansk (pop. 95,031), Sloviansk (pop. 106,972) and Kramatorsk (pop. 150,084) in the Lugansk and Donetsk provinces? Russia and the LPR (Lugansk People’s Republic) took Kreminna (pop. 18,417) on 18 April (NW of Siervierdonetsk and Lysychansk). Is this the start of a Russian operation to envelope Sieverierdonetsk and Lysychansk? This metropolitan area has a combined population of around 350,000. Is Russia going to limit themselves to cleaning up the rest of the areas claimed by the LPR and DPR (and then try to negotiate a cease fire), or are they going to strike towards other areas, like Kharkov and Dnipro?

Russia continues to occupy three cities, Berdyansk (pop. 107,928), Melitopol (pop. 150,768) and Kherson (pop. 283,649). Russia has taken all of Izium (pop. 45,884) as of 1 April. On the other hand, it appears the Ukrainian forces have completely cleared the area west and northwest of Kiev, has cleared the area around Chernigov and Sumy and everything to west and northwest of Kharkov, and has advanced towards Kherson.

Apparently, some Ukrainians are now referring to the Russian invaders as “Orcs,” paying homage to J.R.R. Tolkien. One notes that in the past there were claims that Gollum from the Lord of the Rings movies looked like Putin.

I will put any changes/updates since yesterday’s post in italics.

We are looking at six major areas of operations right now.

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

Here is what I have heard/seen from open sources:

1. Kiev (pop: 2,962,180): It appears that Kiev is secure.

2. Odessa (pop: 1,015,826): Appears to be secure. Do not think it is in danger anymore from amphibious invasion. The range of a Neptune missile is 175 miles (280 kilometers). The distance from Odessa to Sevastopol is 188 miles.

It looks like the Russian cruiser Moskva was picked off by two Neptune anti-ship missiles. It was set afire and sunk while it was being towed. As the Dardanelles is now closed to Russian warships, it will not be replaced during the war. There were some crew casualties with one death confirmed in Russian media sources and they are saying at least 27 other crew members are still unaccounted for. A Russian news agency (RIA) quoting the Russian defense ministry today said that 1 person was killed and 27 were missing and the remaining 396 crew were evacuated. 396 + 1 + 27 = 424, which is less than the ship’s reported strength of 485 or 510.

The captain of large landing shop Ceasar Kunikov (2,812 tons unload) was also killed, perhaps as early as March 24 in the assault on Berdyansk.

The Moskva may have been a significant anti-aircraft asset of the Russians, armed with 8 S-300Fs SAM launchers and 8 full reloads (64 missiles). Its loss may help expose Kherson and other parts of the coast to Ukrainian drones and aircraft. As it was one of the primary anti-aircraft assets for the Russian fleet, I assume this means that any attempt to do amphibious raids or naval operations around Odessa or elsewhere in the SW area of Ukraine is now off the table.

3. Kharkov (pop: 1,433,886): Kharkov looks to be securely held but is still being shelled.

Zelensky in an interview on CNN on 17 April said they had 44,000 professional military men in the Donbas.

The Russian and LPR (Lugansk People’s Republic) have taken Kreminna (pop. 18,417). This village is to the NW of Sievierdonetsk and Lysychansk (pop. 95,031). Videos verified by CNN show Russian forces in central Rubizhne (pop. 56,066). It is on the front line, due north of Sievierodonetsk and due east of Kreminna. It does look the Russians are slowly advancing towards Sievierodonetsk from the north. Is the next Russian operation to envelope Sieverierdonetsk and Lysychansk? This metropolitan area has a combined population of around 350,000.

This map is drawn from the blog Veterans Today, which is reported in Wikipedia as an “American pro-Kremlin and conspiracy theory website”. Wikipedia article is here: Veterans Today – Wikipedia. Soutfront.org, the source of this map, is reported in Wikipedia as a “multiligual website registered in Russia that ‘combines Kremlin talking points with detailed knowledge of military systems and ongoing conflicts…'” See: SouthFront – Wikipedia. These sites should be viewed with considerable caution.

The Veterans’s Today article is here: https://www.veteranstoday.com/2022/04/20/sitrep-operation-z-april-20-2022/?msclkid=780c64ffc23811eca1c90b30393283a1

Sloviansk (pop. 106,972) to its west is also expected to come under assault.

Kramatorsk (pop. 150,084), located just to the south of Sloviansk. It had its rail station hit on 9 April with over 50 civilians killed.

The Ukrainians have retaken Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April, which had been taken by the DPR on 17 March.

It does appear like Russia and the Russian separatists are trying to take all of Lugansk and Donetsk provinces. This is in line with what the Russian foreign minister Lavrov is saying.

5. Mariupol (pop: 431,859): Day fifty-two of the siege. The defenders appear to still be determinedly holding out in one or two pockets of resistance. There were unconfirmed reports of “phosphorus munitions” being used in Mariupol. Putin has ordered a halt to the assault on the Azovstal steel mill. Not sure what happens next.

There is a mass grave being reported outside of Mariupol near the town of Manhush. It looks like around 200 graves have been dug.

There were significant anti-occupation protests by the residents of Kherson on 11 April. Russia is reporting finding a cache of weapons, including AT missiles, inside of Kherson.

In Henichesk (pop. 19,253) on the Sea of Azov, which was captured by the Russians on 24 February, the Russians have re-raised a statue of Lenin.

Weather: Kharkov at 3 PM: 58 degrees (14 Celsius) and mostly cloudy. Low tonight 40 degrees (4 Celsius). Rain forecast for Sunday. I assume the ground is still wet. Guessing that all major military operations are shut down for a few more days as it takes time for the ground to dry.

The European Union has also provided another 500 million euros of aid. Total aid provided by the EU since the war began is 1.5 billion euros.

Russian Army Build-up: I have yet to see many reports of Russia expanding its army or calling up more reserves and conscripts. Their biannual call-up starts on 1 April, and Putin just signed a decree ordering up 134,500 new conscripts into the army. See the comments in the Day 35 for a discussion on the significance of this. We are now in the eighth week of the war. Are they going to expand their army as Ukraine is clearly expanding theirs, or are they expecting that this war will end shortly? It looks like the Russian Army is adding a couple of thousand volunteers. The U.S. DOD told reporters on 8 April that the Russia could be looking to recruit as many as 60,000 soldiers to join the fight. I don’t know what that really means. Who? From where? What will be their training? How long will it take?

Exchange rate: The Ruble is at 79.62 to a dollar as of 9:02 AM EST. This is “better” than it was before the war began. We gather the Russian government is propping the ruble up. Not sure what the exchange rate will be if Russia ever opens its stock market.

Price of oil (Brent crude): $106.73 as of 9:03 AM EST. Several years ago, if the price of oil dropped below $80, the Russian budget would go into the red.

It has been estimated by the World Bank that Ukraine’s economy will shrink by an estimated 45.1% this year (which is a surprising precise estimate in the middle of a war).

Casualties: The UN is reporting on 21 April 2,345 civilians confirmed dead in the war, 79 are in territory controlled by Russian separatists. Ukraine is claiming more than 10,000 civilians killed in Mariupol alone. Zelensky (President of Ukraine) is reporting on 12 March that around 1,300 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed. Russia claimed by 2 March to have captured 572 soldiers (which is entirely believable). U.S. officials are saying (March 9) that between 2,000 to 4,000 Ukrainian troops have been killed. Zelensky told CNN on 15 April that Ukrainian Army had lost between 2,500-3,000 troops since the fighting has begun and about 10,000 have been wounded (wounded-to-killed ratio of 4.00- or 3.33-to-1). This is the first update on Ukrainian Army losses since 12 March.

Russia reported on 2 March 498 troops have been killed and 1,597 wounded. This is a 3.21-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which seems a little low (see link below). Ukraine is reporting almost 200 Russians captured. The Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) is reporting as of 14 April that they had 1,188 soldiers killed and 4,956 wounded (4.17-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio). Lugansk People’s Republic (LPR) is reported as of 5 April to have had 500-600 killed. BBC Russian Service as of 5 April has counted 1,083 confirmed killed, of which 217 are officers. This includes 10 colonels, 20 lieutenant colonels and 31 majors. This is certainly an undercount. The Russian Army stated on March 25 that 1,351 soldiers have been killed and 3,825 wounded. This is a 2.83-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which is still pretty low, but at least is more believable than some other estimates. The Kremlin spokesperson Peskov is now saying “We have significant losses of troops. It’s a huge tragedy for us.” Not sure how to convert “significant losses” into a numerical value.

The Ukrainians are as of 20 March to hold 562 Russian soldiers as prisoners, with 10 previously released in prisoner exchanged for 5 Ukrainian soldiers and the Mayor of Melitopol. Subsequent exchanges have released 96 Russian soldiers and 11 Russian civilians, in exchange for 96 Ukrainian soldiers and 19 Ukrainian civilian sailors. A prisoner exchange on 9 April released 12 Ukrainian soldiers and 14 civilians. A prisoner exchange on 14 April released 22 soldiers and officers and 8 civilians. A prisoner exchange on 15 April released 5 Ukrainian soldiers for four Russian soldiers. A exchange on 19 April released 60 Ukrainian soldiers and 16 civilians. A prisoner exchange on 21 April released 10 Ukrainian soldiers and 9 civilians. The number of Russians released in many of these exchanges has not been provided, but the exchanges are probably one-for-one. Total released is now 210 Ukrainian soldiers and 67 civilians.

U.S. officials are claiming figures between 3,000 to 10,000 Russian soldiers killed (March 18). In the past they have claimed 3,000 captured. NATO is claiming 7,000 to 15,000 killed (March 23). There was a report briefly released last month of 9,861 Russians killed and 16,153 wounded (1.64-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio). I seriously question that report (see my posts on the subject of 22 and 24 March). A post was made yesterday (21 April) to a Russian news site that reported “irretrievable losses” in Ukraine were 13,414 soldiers, of which more than 7,000 were missing. As “irretrievable losses” means killed, possibly died of wounds (DOW) and missing, this would imply that Russian killed is 6,414 or less. It was quickly deleted, and the news site claimed it was hacked. Some media has reported the post as over 13,000 killed and over 7,000 missing, but “irretrievable losses” usually includes missing. The post also stated that the cruiser Moskva had 116 killed and more than 100 missing. A Russian news agency (RIA) quoting the Russian defense ministry today said that 1 person was killed and 27 were missing.

“Officials” are now claiming that 20 of the 115-120 Russian battalion tactical groups (BTGs) are “no longer combat effective” due to losses. A BTG typically consists of 800-1000 troops, maybe ten tanks and 40 IFVs. It is hard to square this estimate with claims of 10,000 or more Russian soldiers killed.

It is now reported that a seventh Russian general has been killed. The previously reported death was of Lt. Gen. Yakov Rezanstev of the 49th Combined Arms Army (age 49) has still not been confirmed. Ukrainian “sources” estimate that around 20 major generals have been deployed to the Ukrainian front.

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900, 21 April

Tanks: 336 485 517

AFVs: 239 258 312

IFVs: 320 516 556

APCs: 79 95 99

Jet aircraft: 15 18 21

Helicopters: 32 30 33

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900. 21 April

Tanks: 79 107 130

AFVs: 62 73 79

IFVs: 60 82 88

APCs: 29 39 51

Jet aircraft: 10 13 14

Helicopters: 1 3 5

Have no idea how accurate this count really is (the Ukrainian losses seem low), but I figure it is probably the best count publicly available.

It is clear that more than 10,000 people have died in this conflict (1,351 (Russian Army) + at least 2,000 more (Russian Army) + 3,000 (Ukrainian Army) + 2,345 (Civilians) + 1,188 (DPR) + 600 (LPR) = 10,484). It is probably in excess of 12,000 total deaths depending on Russian military deaths and the real count of civilian losses. The number of deaths of Mariupol are unverified and unknown.

Both sides have claimed a similar number of troops captured (572 Ukrainians captured by 2 March vs 572 Russians captured by 20 March).

Populations of partly or completely occupied areas (2019 estimates):

Donetsk: 4,165,901

Lugansk: 2,151,833

Crimea: 2,033,700 (2001 census)

Zaporizhzhia: 1,705,836

Kherson: 1,037,640

Sevastopol: 509,992 (2021 estimate)

Population of Ukraine (excluding Crimea), 2022 estimate: 41,167,336

What they are willing to later negotiate away to achieve peace or a ceasefire is unknown. When they are ready to return to talks is unknown. This is beginning to look like an extended war.

Other Issues: Azerbaijani troops have occupied an area in Nagorno-Karabakh that they are claiming is theirs. The Russian peacekeeping troops there have not expelled them.

Finland and Sweden are seriously discussing joining NATO later this year. Finland is further along in this discussion than Sweden. I assume NATO will welcome them with open arms.

Ukraine may be on the fast track to join the European Union (which was the issue that started all the turmoil in 2013).

The Map: The attached map is from Wikipedia. It is dated 22 April. Maryinka is not shown on this map. There appears to be no changes to this map from the previous day.

Military Aid to Ukraine as measured by percent of GDP

A couple of articles worth looking at. First: Where Military Aid to Ukraine Comes From

This was published three hours ago, showing the total aid “pledged” by each country through 27 March. The U.S. certainly leads in that category with 4.77 billion provided. Biden today just added another 800 million in military aid and 500 million in humanitarian aid in addition to 800 billion in military aid promised in mid-April.

Second on the list is Estonia followed by the UK. Most people can’t find Estonia on a map. It is a small country of only 1.3 million people.

This leads us to the next article here from yesterday: Estonia sent Ukraine aid worth 0.8 percent of GDP in first month of war

It is also from the Kiel Institute for the World Economy and only covers through March 27. It tracks aid “pledged” as a percent of GDP. Estonia is by far the largest there with 0.8% of their GDP dedicated to helping Ukraine. Poland is second. The U.S. is in the middle of the pack. At the bottom of the list is Europe’s economic powerhouse, Germany, followed by Italy and France.

For some reason, NATO member Canada is not listed on this chart but are in the chart above. The numbers appear confused. Also, Germany is providing significant aid above and beyond military aid. This will boost the percent of GDP figures higher if that was used as the metric. Figure 5 is shown below from the Kiel Institute report, provided here as a courtesy of one of the followers of our blog: https://www.ifw-kiel.de/fileadmin/Dateiverwaltung/IfW-Publications/-ifw/Kiel_Working_Paper/2022/KWP_2218_Which_countries_help_Ukraine_and_how_/KWP_2218.pdf.

It clearly shows the additional non-lethal aid being provided by Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Belgium. Still, with the aid figures doubled for Germany, France and Italy, it still does not reach the same level of support as provided by the United States as measured by % of GDP. It certainly does match the level of support provided by Estonia (which is on the front line). The figure above also does not pick up the 1.5 billion in non-lethal aid that the U.S. is providing.

In the end, Germany, France, Italy and the UK probably need to up their game a little bit.

Update: Statista provided an updated chart showing financial, humanitarian and military aid as a percent of GDP, which was figures I did not have at the time. Germany, even when all their non-military aid is included, it still at the bottom of the list, followed by Italy and France. Now, this data only goes through 27 March. We do seem to be seeing a slow readjustment by Germany. As there is only one country between them and Ukraine, you would think they would take a little more seriously.

The new chart is here:

The Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022 – Day 57 (ground actions)

A link to a blow up of the map is here: Wikipedia map

It does appear that the war is quiet for the next week or so as Russia repositions. It was also raining for parts of this week. Missiles and artillery shelling various Ukrainian cites. A lot is in the east around Kramatorsk and other areas of Lugansk and Donetsk provinces, and some villages in Zaporizhzhia province. Is this prepping for an offensive? A lot of people are announcing that the second phase of the war has begun, but don’t see any major offensives yet. It will probably have to wait until it has stopped raining and the ground has dried.

The fight for the Donbas is developing with the Russians taking Kreminna (pop. 18,417) on 18 April and the Ukrainians taking Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April. Videos verified by CNN show Russian forces in central Rubizhne (pop. 56,066). It is on the front line, due north of Sievierodonetsk and due east of Kreminna. It does look the Russians are slowly advancing towards Sievierodonetsk from the north. It is worth looking at the blown up version of the map (link at start of post) in the areas of Sievierodenetsk and Lysychansk.

I gather Russia now controls the majority of isolated Mariupol. The city has been without power since 1 March. It has been fighting on for far longer than I expected. Who knows how much longer they can hold out, but they have already exceeded all my expectations. It is not going to be relieved. Ukrainian Army remains over 60 miles away.

This does appear to be the first of several “sieges” in the campaign. Is this the future of the Russian offensive? Is the next offense towards Kharkov; or is it the cities of Siervierdonetsk (pop. 101,135), Lysychansk (pop. 95,031), Sloviansk (pop. 106,972) and Kramatorsk (pop. 150,084) in the Lugansk and Donetsk provinces? Russia and the LPR (Lugansk People’s Republic) took Kreminna (pop. 18,417) on 18 April (NW of Siervierdonetsk and Lysychansk). Is this the start of a Russian operation to envelope Sieverierdonetsk and Lysychansk? This metropolitan area has a combined population of around 350,000. Are Russians going to limit themselves to cleaning up the rest of the areas claimed by the LPR and DPR (and then try to negotiate a cease fire), or are they going to strike towards other areas, like Kharkov and Dnipro?

I will put any changes/updates since yesterday’s post in italics.

We are looking at six major areas of operations right now.

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

Here is what I have heard/seen from open sources:

1. Kiev (pop: 2,962,180): It appears that Kiev is secure.

It looks like the Russian cruiser Moskva was picked off by two Neptune anti-ship missiles. It was set afire and sunk while it was being towed. As the Dardanelles is now closed to Russian warships, it will not be replaced during the war. There were some crew casualties with one death confirmed in Russian media sources and they are saying at least 27 other crew members are still unaccounted for. Losses may be higher than that. The captain of large landing shop Ceasar Kunikov (2,812 tons unload) was also killed, perhaps as early as March 24 in the assault on Berdyansk.

The Moskva may have been a significant anti-aircraft asset of the Russians, armed with 8 S-300Fs SAM launchers and 8 full reloads (64 missiles). Its loss may help expose Kherson and other parts of the coast to Ukrainian drones and aircraft.As it was one of the primary anti-aircraft assets for the Russian fleet, I assume this means that any attempt to do amphibious raids or naval operations around Odessa or elsewhere in the SW area of Ukraine is now off the table.

3. Kharkov (pop: 1,433,886): Kharkov looks to be securely held but is still being shelled.

Zelensky in an interview on CNN on 17 April said they had 44,000 professional military men in the Donbas.

The Russia and LPR (Lugansk People’s Republic) have taken Kreminna (pop. 18,417). This village is to the NW of Sievierdonetsk and Lysychansk (pop. 95,031). Videos verified by CNN show Russian forces in central Rubizhne (pop. 56,066). It is on the front line, due north of Sievierodonetsk and due east of Kreminna. It does look the Russians are slowly advancing towards Sievierodonetsk from the north. Is the next Russian operation to envelope Sieverierdonetsk and Lysychansk? This metropolitan area has a combined population of around 350,000.

Sloviansk (pop. 106,972) to its west is also expected to come under assault.

Kramatorsk (pop. 150,084), located just to the south of Sloviansk. It had its rail station hit on 9 April with over 50 civilians killed.

The Ukrainians have retaken Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April, which had been taken by the DPR on 17 March.

It does appear like the Russia and the Russian separatists are trying to take all of Lugansk and Donetsk provinces. This is in line with what the Russian foreign minister Lavrov is saying.

5. Mariupol (pop: 431,859): Day fifty-one of the siege. The defenders appear to still be determinedly holding out in one or two pockets of resistance. There were unconfirmed reports of “phosphorus munitions” being used in Mariupol. Putin has ordered a halt to the assault on the Azovstal steel mill. Not sure what happens next.

Not sure what the starting strength was for the Ukrainian defenders at Mariupol. I have seen figures as low as 3,500 defenders, which is really not a lot and I suspect is low. The only two units I have heard of defending Mariupol are the Azov Regiment and the 36th Marine (or Naval Infantry) Brigade, but other units are listed in Wikipedia inside Mariupol (12th Operation Brigade, State Border Guards Service) and other units are listed as involved (10th Assault Brigade, 46th Motorized Brigade, Territorial Defense Forces). The Russian military are now estimating the 2,000 fighters are holding out around the Azovstal steel mill in the city. The Mariupol city council reports more than 1,000 civilians and Ukarinian troops are in the steel mill complex, which covers 4 square miles and includes a network of tunnels. Added to that they reported on 13 April that 1,026 Ukrainian troops of the 36th Marine Brigade surrendered at the Ilyich Iron and Steel Works. See: Ukrainians defy deadline to surrender in Mariupol or die. Parts of the 36th Marine Brigade are still engaged there though, with a major there reporting that had more than 500 wounded fighters. See: Mariupol fighters ‘dying underground’ at steel plant, commander says.

6. Crimea & Kherson (pop: 283,649): Kherson is under Russian control. Are the Ukrainians going to make a push to take back Kherson? There does appear to be a Russian push near Oleksandriivka (pop. 5,095), on the route towards Mykolaiv.

There were significant anti-occupation protests by the residents of Kherson on 11 April. Russia is reporting finding a cache of weapons, including AT missiles, inside of Kherson.

In Henichesk (pop. 19,253) on the Sea of Azov, which was captured by the Russians on 24 February, the Russians have re-raised a statue of Lenin.

Weather: Kharkov at 4 PM: 54 degrees (12 Celsius) and mostly cloudy. Low tonight 43 degrees (6 Celsius). Rain forecast in three days. I assume the ground is still wet. Guessing that all major military operations are shut down for a few more days as it takes time for the ground to dry.

The European Union has also provided another 500 million euros of aid. Total aid provided by the EU since the war began is 1.5 billion euros.

Update: President’s Biden speech this morning promised another $800 million in military aid to Ukraine, includes 72 155mm howitzers, 144,000 artillery rounds, and 121 Phoenix Ghost tactical drones. Congress does have to approve that, but I am guessing this is not an issue.

Biden stated that Ukraine has a 10-to-1 ratio of anti-tank missiles to Russian tanks. It is reported that the U.S. has provided over 5,500 Javelin AT missiles since the war began. The previous 18 Howitzers promised started arriving yesterday in Europe. The U.S. is also promising $500 million more in economic assistance in addition to the $1 billion already provided.

Russian Army Build-up: I have yet to see many reports of Russia expanding its army or calling up more reserves and conscripts. Their biannual call-up starts on 1 April, and Putin just signed a decree ordering up 134,500 new conscripts into the army. See the comments in the Day 35 for a discussion on the significance of this. We are now in the eighth week of the war. Are they going to expand their army as Ukraine is clearly expanding theirs, or are they expecting that this war will end shortly? It looks like the Russian Army is adding a couple of thousand volunteers. The U.S. DOD told reporters on 8 April that the Russia could be looking to recruit as many as 60,000 soldiers to join the fight. I don’t know what that really means. Who? From where? What will be their training? How long will it take?

Exchange rate: The Ruble is at 82.64 to a dollar as of 10:01 AM EST. This is “better” than it was before the war began. We gather the Russian government is propping the ruble up. Not sure what the exchange rate will be if Russia ever opens its stock market.

Price of oil (Brent crude): $108.68 as of 10:01 AM EST. Several years ago, if the price of oil dropped below $80, the Russian budget would go into the red.

It has been estimated by the World Bank that Ukraine’s economy will shrink by an estimated 45.1% this year (which is a surprising precise estimate in the middle of a war).

Casualties: The UN is reporting on 20 April 2,224 civilians confirmed dead in the war, 79 are in territory controlled by Russian separatists. Ukraine is claiming more than 10,000 civilians killed in Mariupol alone. Zelensky (President of Ukraine) is reporting on 12 March that around 1,300 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed. Russia claimed by 2 March to have captured 572 soldiers (which is entirely believable). U.S. officials are saying (March 9) that between 2,000 to 4,000 Ukrainian troops have been killed. Zelensky told CNN on 15 April that Ukrainian Army had lost between 2,500-3,000 troops since the fighting has begun and about 10,000 have been wounded (wounded-to-killed ratio of 4.00- or 3.33-to-1). This is the first update on Ukrainian Army losses since 12 March.

Russia reported on 2 March 498 troops have been killed and 1,597 wounded. This is a 3.21-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which seems a little low (see link below). Ukraine is reporting almost 200 Russians captured. The Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) is reporting as of 14 April that they had 1,188 soldiers killed and 4,956 wounded (4.17-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio). Lugansk People’s Republic (LPR) is reported as of 5 April to have had 500-600 killed. BBC Russian Service as of 5 April has counted 1,083 confirmed killed, of which 217 are officers. This includes 10 colonels, 20 lieutenant colonels and 31 majors. This is certainly an undercount. The Russian Army stated on March 25 that 1,351 soldiers have been killed and 3,825 wounded. This is a 2.83-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which is still pretty low, but at least is more believable than some other estimates. The Kremlin spokesperson Peskov is now saying “We have significant losses of troops. It’s a huge tragedy for us.” Not sure how to convert “significant losses” into a numerical value.

Russian Equipment Losses: @oryxspioenko is reporting the following Russian losses based upon his analysis of pictures and videos. Russian equipment losses are here: https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900, 21 April

Tanks: 336 485 517

AFVs: 239 258 312

IFVs: 320 516 556

APCs: 79 95 99

Jet aircraft: 15 18 21

Helicopters: 32 30 33

Ukrainian Equipment Losses: @oryxspioenko now have a separate listing for Ukrainian losses based upon his analysis of pictures and videos. It is here: https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-ukrainian.html?msclkid=a374718dc17511ecb7fe354e35b82b28

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900. 21 April

Tanks: 79 107 130

AFVs: 62 73 79

IFVs: 60 82 88

APCs: 29 39 51

Jet aircraft: 10 13 14

Helicopters: 1 3 5

Have no idea how accurate this count really is (the Ukrainian losses seem low), but I figure it is probably the best count publicly available.

It is clear that more than 10,000 people have died in this conflict (1,351 (Russian Army) + at least 2,000 more (Russian Army) + 3,000 (Ukrainian Army) + 2,224 (Civilians) + 1,188 (DPR) + 600 (LPR) = 10,363). It is probably in excess of 12,000 total deaths depending on Russian military deaths and the real count of civilian losses. The number of deaths of Mariupol are unverified and unknown.

Both sides have claimed a similar number of troops captured (572 Ukrainians captured by 2 March vs 572 Russians captured by 20 March).

End of the War: Putin has declared that the peace talks are at a “dead end.” Not sure if that is a negotiating tactic and a new determination to drag a victory out of an otherwise not particularly successful war. I lean towards to the latter. This is his first public remarks on the war in almost a month, so it does appear that he intends to continue it.

Populations of partly or completely occupied areas (2019 estimates):

Donetsk: 4,165,901

Lugansk: 2,151,833

Crimea: 2,033,700 (2001 census)

Zaporizhzhia: 1,705,836

Kherson: 1,037,640

Sevastopol: 509,992 (2021 estimate)

Population of Ukraine (excluding Crimea), 2022 estimate: 41,167,336

What they are willing to later negotiate away to achieve peace or a ceasefire is unknown. When they are ready to return to talks is unknown. This is beginning to look like an extended war.

Other Issues: Azerbaijani troops have occupied an area in Nagorno-Karabakh that they are claiming is theirs. The Russian peacekeeping troops there have not expelled them.

Finland and Sweden are seriously discussing joining NATO later this year. Finland is further along in this discussion than Sweden. I assume NATO will welcome them with open arms.

Ukraine may be on the fast track to join the European Union (which was the issue that started all the turmoil in 2013).

The Map: The attached map is from Wikipedia. It is dated 21 April. Maryinka is not shown on this map.

The Assault on Kiev – part 1 of the discussion on the First Phase of the War

I am going to briefly discuss the first phase of this war in the quiet period before second phase begins in earnest (the Battle for the Donbas?). There are major problems with analyzing a war while it is still going on and without access to documents, archives, unit records, interviews of commanders, participants and so forth. And, of course, for a proper analysis, you need to collect that data from both sides. The amount of time I have spent studying the war in Ukraine in 2022 is a very small fraction of the amount of time I have spent studying the Battle of Kursk in 1943. So, this is very tentative and preliminary.

That said, there is no shortage of opinions and analysis provided in newspapers, TV shows, blog posts and on twitter. You kind of have to know that some of this going to be dead wrong. How they confidently reach some of those far-ranging conclusions with the limited data they have is a talent that I do not have. For example, we do not know what Russian losses are. We do not know whether Russian or Ukraine has the favorable exchange ratio. There is a strong argument that Russian has gotten the worse of the exchange, but is it 1.5-to-1, 3-to-1 or 7-to-1 as some estimates would lead you to conclude? It is all very nebulous.

But let us discuss what we have seen here in the first phase (this will probably turn into multiple posts over several days).

First, the Russian initial plan appears to be optimistic and under-resourced. It does appear that they sent forward brigade-size groups, that otherwise had limited support, to seize major objectives like Kiev and Kherson. Supposedly the Russian Army had deployed around 150,000 troops around Ukraine. According to the reports I heard, only about 60,000 initially went in. This is kind of absurd. If you have 150,000 troops, why not use all 150,000 troops? This led to a single prog assault that came out of Belarus that attacked the areas to the north and northwest of Kiev. This led to a brigade-size group seizing Kherson…. and that was it. They really didn’t take too much else, except in the south. Let’s discuss the Kiev operation first.

The attack on Kiev was poorly conceived: The initial assault consisted of an airmobile assault to take Hostomel/Antonov airport. This was a clever opening maneuver and posed significant Russian forces and a good resupply point just to NNW of Kiev. Not sure of the size of the initial force, battalion- or brigade-sized. It nicely shows what can be done with airmobile forces (helicopter bound) in an environment when you control the air.

What has missing after than was a massive reinforcement effort. Not sure why. Several reasons perhaps:

Ukrainian resistance in the area was significant. On the second day of the attack, they retook parts or all of the airport.
They were no Russian forces slated for the follow-up?
There was not the transport capability available to support this?

These last two points mystifies me. If Russia had control of a large airbase, why was there not significant reinforcements and huge amounts of supplies shipped in? One could envision a scenario when they take the airbase on day 1, fly in massive reinforcements on day 2, and then launch a reinforced assault towards Kiev on day 3. This is not what happened. Instead, they ended up fighting for control of the airbase on day 2, and then it appeared that they waited for their reinforcements to come down from Belarus. On top of that, if appears they had not real plans to resupply and were struggling with shortages after a few days. By the time they started moving forward again, Ukraine certainly had time to shift forces, reinforce the defense, and prepare for the assault.

Update: According to a recent newspaper report, U.S. Intel provided help that allowed Ukraine to shoot down a Russian transport plane carrying hundreds of troops to Hostomel Airport. See: Ukraine shot down Russian plane with help from US intel: Report.

This attack quickly bogged down in the face of determined Ukrainian resistance. While lots of people talk about urban warfare, they never got that far; instead they were occupying airfields, villages, and parts of the suburbs of Kiev. As of 18 March, the Kiev city administration was reporting their losses at 162 soldiers killed, 648 wounded (a 4-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio) and 60 civilians killed and 241 wounded (a 4.02-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio). This is not a lot of casualties for a defending force estimated to be over 18,000 that had started on 24 February.

On the other hand, as it was a helicopter assault on Hostomel, why didn’t Ukraine have effective anti-aircraft defense of the area? It was an obvious route, and they knew that Russian had moved 20,000 or more troops into Belarus. They probably had detailed orders of battle, based upon U.S. intelligence. It was pretty obvious which way they were going. Was the Ukranian air defense degraded and destroyed by the Russians on the first day of the war (I have no reports on this) or was it not properly placed?

Anyhow, what developed after that became a comedy of errors on the part of Russia. They ended up with a force of one or two brigades NNW of Kiev, unable to move forward, facing a determined defense, and not properly supported logistically. Meanwhile, what appeared to be their less experienced and less prepared forces were advancing around Chernigov and Sumy and bypassing Konotop to send a tank column into Brovary, to the NE of Kiev, that made for a great video on youtube (1:18): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4g68MmLrGvM

This force got trashed. Now, the Russians were enveloping Kiev on three sides, but, lacked the force to attack Kiev and lacked the force to complete the encirclement, or hold it closed. According to the Pentagon, Russian committed around 1/3rd of its forces to taking the capital. This consisted of about 20 BTGs (Battalion Tactical Groups) to the north and NW of Kiev and another 20 BTGs near Chernigov.

I stopped here: Next is the fight over Kherson.

The Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022 – Day 56 (ground actions)

Christopher A. Lawrence
April 20, 2022

A link to a blow up of the map is here: Wikipedia map

The end of week eight of the war. It appears that Kiev, Chernigov, Sumy and the northeast part of Ukraine are secure. Of course, Russia can always reintroduce troops later from Russia or Belarus. The U.S. DOD is reporting that 22 BTGs (Battalion Tactical Groups) are refitting north of Ukraine.

It does appear that the war is quiet for the next week or so as Russia repositions. It was also raining for parts of this week. Missiles and artillery shelling various Ukrainian cites. A lot is in the east around Kramatorsk and other areas of Lugansk and Donetsk provinces, and some villages in Zaporizhzhia province. Is this prepping for an offensive? A lot of people are announcing that the second phase of the war has begun, but don’t see any major offensives yet. It will probably have to wait until it has stopped raining and the ground has dried.

The fight for the Donbas is developing with the Russians taking Kreminna (pop. 18,417) on 18 April and the Ukrainians taking Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April.

I gather Russia now controls the majority of isolated Mariupol. The city has been without power since 1 March. It has been fighting on for far longer than I expected. Who knows how much longer they can hold out, but they have already exceeded all my expectations. It is not going to be relieved. Ukrainian Army remains over 60 miles away.

This does appear to be the first of several “sieges” in the campaign. Is this the future of the Russian offensive? Is the next offense towards Kharkov; or is it the cities of Siervierdonetsk (pop. 101,135), Lysychansk (pop. 95,031), Sloviansk (pop. 106,972) and Kramatorsk (pop. 150,084) in the Lugansk and Donetsk provinces? Russia and the LPR (Lugansk People’s Republic) took Kreminna (pop. 18,417) on 18 April (NW of Siervierdonetsk and Lysychansk). Is this the start of a Russian operation to envelope Sieverierdonetsk and Lysychansk? This metropolitan area has a combined population of around 350,000. Are Russians going to limit themselves to cleaning up the rest of the areas claimed by the LPR and DPR (and then try to negotiate a cease fire), or are they going to strike towards other areas, like Kharkov and Dnipro?

I will put any changes/updates since yesterday’s post in italics.

We are looking at six major areas of operations right now.

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

Here is what I have heard/seen from open sources:

1. Kiev (pop: 2,962,180): It appears that Kiev is secure.

It looks like the Russian cruiser Moskva has been picked off by two Neptune anti-ship missiles. It was set afire and sunk while it was being towed. As the Dardanelles is now closed to Russian warships, it will not be replaced during the war. There were some crew casualties with one death confirmed in Russian media sources and they are saying at least 27 other crew members are still unaccounted for. Losses may be higher than that. The captain of large landing shop Ceasar Kunikov (2,812 tons unload) was also killed, perhaps as early as March 24 in the assault on Berdyansk.

The Moskva may have been a significant anti-aircraft asset of the Russians, armed with 8 S-300Fs SAM launchers and 8 full reloads (64 missiles). Its loss may help expose Kherson and other parts of the coast to Ukrainian drones and aircraft. As it was one of the primary anti-aircraft assets for the Russian fleet, I assume this means that any attempt to do amphibious raids or operations around Odessa or elsewhere in the SW area of Ukraine is now off the table.

3. Kharkov (pop: 1,433,886): Kharkov looks to be securely held but is still being shelled.

Izium (pop. 45,884) was confirmed by the Ukrainian military to be under Russian control as of 1 April. Russia claimed to have taken full control of Izium on the morning of 24 March. Rumors are that the next Russian offensive is going to push from Izium. The 8-mile column that is being reported on it in the news is in position to head towards Izium or towards Kharkov.

Zelensky in an interview on CNN on 17 April said they had 44,000 professional military men in the Donbas.

The Russia and LPR (Lugansk People’s Republic) have taken Kreminna (pop. 18,417). This village is to the NW of Sievierdonetsk and Lysychansk (pop. 95,031). Is the next Russian operation to envelope Sieverierdonetsk and Lysychansk? This metropolitan area has a combined population of around 350,000.

Sloviansk (pop. 106,972) to its west is also expected to come under assault.

Kramatorsk (pop. 150,084), located just to the south of Sloviansk. It had its rail station hit on 9 April with over 50 civilians killed.

The Ukrainians have retaken Maryinka (pop. 9,256) on 19 April, which had been taken by the DPR on 17 March.

It does appear like the Russia and the Russian separatists are trying to take all of Lugansk and Donetsk provinces. This is in line with what the Russian foreign minister Lavrov is saying.

5. Mariupol (pop: 431,859): Day fifty of the siege. The defenders appear to still be determinedly holding out in one or two pockets of resistance. There were unconfirmed reports of “phosphorus munitions” being used in Mariupol.

The failure of the Russians to complete the conquest of Mariupol is probably due to a shortage of good infantry. If you are going to do urban operations, you need infantry. Otherwise, you are going to have to shell everything to oblivion, which appears to be what they are doing. Following video of street fighting in Mariupol was just released by the Azov Regiment (0:58): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6UOYKQ8JD8

Not sure what the starting strength was for the Ukrainian defenders at Mariupol. I have seen figures as low as 3,500 defenders, which is really not a lot and I suspect is low. The Russian military are estimating the 2,500 fighters are holding out around the Azovstal steel mill in the city. The Mariupol city council reports more than 1,000 civilians and Ukarinian troops are in the steel mill complex, which covers 4 square miles and includes a network of tunnels. Added to that they reported on 13 April that 1,026 Ukrainian troops of the 36th Marine Brigade surrendered at the Ilyich Iron and Steel Works. See: Ukrainians defy deadline to surrender in Mariupol or die. Parts of the 36th Marine Brigade are still engaged there though, with a major there reporting that had more than 500 wounded fighters. See: Mariupol fighters ‘dying underground’ at steel plant, commander says.

The population of the city is down to 100,000 or less. The mayor, who is no longer in the city, is claiming that that more than 10,000 people have been killed. The head of DPR (Donets People’s Republic) has said over 5,000 people have been killed. The city has been decimated, lots of buildings and houses destroyed. Mariupol has no power, gas or water. The vice-mayor of this city said on 3 March that they can hold out for five days.

6. Crimea & Kherson (pop: 283,649): Kherson is under Russian control. Are the Ukrainians going to make a push to take Kherson?

There were significant anti-occupation protests by the residents of Kherson on 11 April.

In Henichesk (pop. 19,253) on the Sea of Azov, which was captured by the Russians on 24 February, the Russians have re-raised a statue of Lenin.

Weather: Kharkov at 4 PM: 51 degrees (11 Celsius) and cloudy. Low tonight 39 degrees (4 Celsius). No rain forecast for the next four days. I assume the ground is still wet. Guessing that all major military operations are shut down for a few more days as it takes time for the ground to dry.

The European Union has also provided another 500 million euros of aid. Total aid provided by the EU since the war began is 1.5 billion euros.

Poland is reported to have provided 100 T-72s with improved IR sights to Ukraine and also some BWP-1 IFVs. The transferred may have occurred a few days ago. It appears that someone in Eastern Europe has provided Ukraine with around 20 Mig-29s. Not sure the reason for the delay but looks like it has been resolved.

Russian Army Build-up: I have yet to see many reports of Russia expanding its army or calling up more reserves and conscripts. Their biannual call-up starts on 1 April, and Putin just signed a decree ordering up 134,500 new conscripts into the army. See the comments in the Day 35 for a discussion on the significance of this. We are now in the eighth week of the war. Are they going to expand their army as Ukraine is clearly expanding theirs, or are they expecting that this war will end shortly? It looks like the Russian Army is adding a couple of thousand volunteers. The U.S. DOD told reporters on 8 April that the Russia could be looking to recruit as many as 60,000 soldiers to join the fight. I don’t know what that really means. Who? From where? What will be their training? How long will it take?

Exchange rate: The Ruble is at 82.30 to a dollar as of 10:29 AM EST. This is “better” than it was before the war began. We gather the Russian government is propping the ruble up. Not sure what the exchange rate will be if Russia ever opens its stock market.

Price of oil (Brent crude): $106.59 as of 10:29 AM EST. Several years ago, if the price of oil dropped below $80, the Russian budget would go into the red.

It has been estimated by the World Bank that Ukraine’s economy will shrink by an estimated 45.1% this year (which is a surprising precise estimate in the middle of a war).

The value of the ruble seems to have stabilized for the last two weeks at around 82 per dollar and oil prices at around $100-110. Lower oil prices do undercut the Russian government budget. To further lower the oil prices probably requires the corporation of Saudi Arabia and OPEC. Right now, they are steering a neutral course between the U.S. and Russia.

Casualties: The UN is reporting on 19 April 2,104 civilians confirmed dead in the war, 79 are in territory controlled by Russian separatists. Ukraine is claiming more than 10,000 civilians killed in Mariupol alone. Zelensky (President of Ukraine) is reporting on 12 March that around 1,300 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed. Russia claimed by 2 March to have captured 572 soldiers (which is entirely believable). U.S. officials are saying (March 9) that between 2,000 to 4,000 Ukrainian troops have been killed. Finally got an update on Ukrainian losses, as Zelensky told CNN on 15 April that Ukrainian Army had lost between 2,500-3,000 troops since the fighting has begun and about 10,000 have been wounded (wounded-to-killed ratio of 4.00- or 3.33-to-1). This is the first update on Ukrainian Army losses since 12 March.

Russia reported on 2 March 498 troops have been killed and 1,597 wounded. This is a 3.21-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which seems a little low (see link below). Ukraine is reporting almost 200 Russians captured. The Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) is reporting as of 14 April that they had 1,188 soldiers killed and 4,956 wounded (4.17-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio). Lugansk People’s Republic (LPR) is reported as of 5 April to have had 500-600 killed. BBC Russian Service as of 5 April has counted 1,083 confirmed killed, of which 217 are officers. This includes 10 colonels, 20 lieutenant colonels and 31 majors. This is certainly an undercount. The Russian Army stated on March 25 that 1,351 soldiers have been killed and 3,825 wounded. This is a 2.83-to-1 wounded-to-killed ratio, which is still pretty low, but at least is more believable than some other estimates. The Kremlin spokesperson Peskov is now saying “We have significant losses of troops. It’s a huge tragedy for us.” Not sure how to convert “significant losses” into a numerical value. It is interesting that they announced this. I assume this is to “prep the audience” for a proper casualty report or to set the stage for a negotiated settlement with Ukraine.

Russian Equipment Losses: @oryxspioenko is reporting the following Russian losses based upon his analysis of pictures and videos. See: https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April

Tanks: 336 485

AFVs: 239 258

IFVs: 320 516

APCs: 79 95

Jet aircraft: 15 18

Helicopters: 32 30

Ukrainian Equipment Losses: @oryxspioenko is reporting the following Ukrainian losses based upon his analysis of pictures and videos:

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April

Tanks: 79 107

AFVs: 62 73

IFVs: 60 82

APCs: 29 39

Jet aircraft: 10 13

Helicopters: 1 3

Have no idea how accurate this count really is (the Ukrainian losses seem low), but I figure it is probably the best count publicly available.

It is clear that more than 10,000 people have died in this conflict (1,351 (Russian Army) + at least 2,000 more (Russian Army) + 3,000 (Ukrainian Army) + 2,104 (Civilians) + 1,188 (DPR) + 600 (LPR) = 10,243). It is probably in excess of 12,000 total deaths depending on Russian military deaths and the real count of civilian losses. The number of deaths of Mariupol are unverified and unknown.

Both sides have claimed a similar number of troops captured (572 Ukrainians captured by 2 March vs 572 Russians captured by 20 March).

Populations of partly or completely occupied areas (2019 estimates):

Donetsk: 4,165,901

Lugansk: 2,151,833

Crimea: 2,033,700 (2001 census)

Zaporizhzhia: 1,705,836

Kherson: 1,037,640

Sevastopol: 509,992 (2021 estimate)

Population of Ukraine (excluding Crimea), 2022 estimate: 41,167,336

What they are willing to later negotiate away to achieve peace or a ceasefire is unknown. When they are ready to return to talks is unknown. This is beginning to look like an extended war.

Other Issues: Azerbaijani troops have occupied an area in Nagorno-Karabakh that they are claiming is theirs. The Russian peacekeeping troops there have not expelled them.

Finland and Sweden are seriously discussing joining NATO later this year. Finland is further along in this discussion than Sweden. I assume NATO will welcome them with open arms.

Ukraine may be on the fast track to join the European Union (which was the issue that started all the turmoil in 2013).

The Map: The attached map is from Wikipedia. It is dated 20 April. Maryinka is not shown on this map. It is worth looking at the blown up version of the map (link at start of post) in the areas of Sievierodenetsk and Lysychansk.

Eastern Europe Russia

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk5. Mariupol6. Crimean border/Kherson

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900, 21 April

Tanks: 336 485 517

AFVs: 239 258 312

IFVs: 320 516 556

APCs: 79 95 99

Jet aircraft: 15 18 21

Helicopters: 32 30 33

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900. 21 April

Tanks: 79 107 130

AFVs: 62 73 79

IFVs: 60 82 88

APCs: 29 39 51

Jet aircraft: 10 13 14

Helicopters: 1 3 5

Populations of partly or completely occupied areas (2019 estimates):

Donetsk: 4,165,901

Lugansk: 2,151,833

Crimea: 2,033,700 (2001 census)

Zaporizhzhia: 1,705,836

Kherson: 1,037,640

Sevastopol: 509,992 (2021 estimate)

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk5. Mariupol6. Crimean border/Kherson

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900, 21 April

Tanks: 336 485 517

AFVs: 239 258 312

IFVs: 320 516 556

APCs: 79 95 99

Jet aircraft: 15 18 21

Helicopters: 32 30 33

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900. 21 April

Tanks: 79 107 130

AFVs: 62 73 79

IFVs: 60 82 88

APCs: 29 39 51

Jet aircraft: 10 13 14

Helicopters: 1 3 5

Populations of partly or completely occupied areas (2019 estimates):

Donetsk: 4,165,901

Lugansk: 2,151,833

Crimea: 2,033,700 (2001 census)

Zaporizhzhia: 1,705,836

Kherson: 1,037,640

Sevastopol: 509,992 (2021 estimate)

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk5. Mariupol6. Crimean border/Kherson

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900, 21 April

Tanks: 336 485 517

AFVs: 239 258 312

IFVs: 320 516 556

APCs: 79 95 99

Jet aircraft: 15 18 21

Helicopters: 32 30 33

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900. 21 April

Tanks: 79 107 130

AFVs: 62 73 79

IFVs: 60 82 88

APCs: 29 39 51

Jet aircraft: 10 13 14

Helicopters: 1 3 5

Populations of partly or completely occupied areas (2019 estimates):

Donetsk: 4,165,901

Lugansk: 2,151,833

Crimea: 2,033,700 (2001 census)

Zaporizhzhia: 1,705,836

Kherson: 1,037,640

Sevastopol: 509,992 (2021 estimate)

1. Kiev – secure

2. Odessa – secure

3. Kharkov

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk5. Mariupol6. Crimean border/Kherson

0900, 30 March 0800, 13 April 0900, 21 April

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson

4. The Donetsk and Lugansk provinces – i. e. Sloviansk and Sievierodonetsk
5. Mariupol
6. Crimean border/Kherson